AZ31及AZ61鎂合金之晶粒細化與鈑片成形研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	陳勇宏 Yung-Hung Chen
論文名稱：	AZ31及AZ61鎂合金之晶粒細化與鈑片成形研究 A Study on Grain Refining and Plate Forming of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 and AZ61
指導教授：	李雄 Shyong Lee
口試委員:
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	162
中文關鍵詞：	鎂合金、鈑片成形、沖壓、吹氣成形、晶粒細化、熱輥軋、等通道彎角擠製(ECAE)
外文關鍵詞：	AZ31, AZ61, Grain Refining, Rolling, ECAE
相關次數：	點閱：14 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

本研究採用熱輥軋及等通道彎角擠製來探討可細化鎂合金晶粒程度以及對機械性質的影響，並利用沖壓、吹氣成形法探討晶粒細化前後鎂合金鈑片之成形性。
在沖壓成形實驗中，未經輥軋鈑片成形性不佳，需要420℃的高溫及10分鐘的預熱時間才能使鈑片成功成形，而利用階段沖壓則可以降低成形溫度及預熱時間。
熱輥軋研究中，AZ31鎂合金2mm厚鈑片加熱至350℃持溫10分鐘後，一次輥軋50％，可細化晶粒10μm至4.7μm，降伏強度由161MPa提升至279MPa，同時伸長率也由14.2%提升至20.9%。熱輥軋後之鎂鈑經退火處理後，可使晶粒大小之分佈更平均，且伸長率再提升。
鈑片吹氣成形研究中，晶粒細化的確能有效提升鎂鈑之成形性，經熱輥軋後的AZ31鎂鈑在300℃及5x10-3~1x10-2應變速率範圍內，伸長率可達220%。
在等通道彎角擠製(Equal Channel Angular Extrusion, ECAE)部份，AZ31鎂合金以Φ=90o、250℃一道次擠製後再以200℃擠製三道次後，晶粒細化效果最佳，由9.5μm細化至2.6μm，而機械性質也相對的提升，其中降伏強度由169MPa增加至226MPa，伸長率則由18.7﹪提升至21.7%，再經由後續退火處理，材料伸長率更大幅度的提升至29.2%。
由於ECAE與熱軋之不同加工方式，使材料呈現不同之織構組織，因而使得ECAE製程後的AZ31及AZ61材料強度皆低於熱軋後異方性較高之材料。另外在高溫性質方面，由於AZ61加工後會在晶界處生成微細之析出物，這使得其高溫之延伸率優於AZ31鎂合金。

Magnesium alloy is the lightest metal that can be employed for structural use, and there have been many researches of grain refining on this material. We will investigate the different effects on mechanical properties between two grain refining methods--(1) Rolling and (2) ECAE (Equal Channel Angular Extrusion) process. Also, the formability of un-processed and processed materials would be conferred by punch and gas forming (punch-less) method as well.
2mm of AZ31 plate reduced 50% thickness by rolling single time with hot roller after preheating 10mins at 350℃, then we can have fine grain (<5μm) materials. Meanwhile, the better yielding strength (161->279MPa) and elongation (14.2->20.9%) can be achieved by this process. In addition, this process will improve the gas formability of Magnesium Alloy. The elongation of refined AZ31 specimen could reach 220% by gas forming at 300℃ and the strain rate range of 5x10-3~1x10-2.
In ECAE experiments, after extruded one time at 250℃ and three times at 200℃ with channel angular of 90o, we could have smallest grain size decreased from 9.5 to 2.6μm. Equally, the strength and elongation of materials increased simultaneously after ECAE process. The ductility would have further great promotion after the post-annealing treatment.
Because of different textures, both AZ31 and AZ61 materials with more strength can be achieved by rolling than ECAE process. This phenomenon is more apparent after post-annealing treatment. Besides, fine precipitations(<1μm) will exist at grain boundaries after processed, this is the reason why AZ61 materials have more ductility than AZ31 at high temperature.
The results of this study might be used as referenced resources not only for the related academic research of Magnesium Alloy but also for the development of the real products in industry.

摘要
總目錄---------------------------------------------------------I
表目錄---------------------------------------------------------VI
圖目錄---------------------------------------------------------IX
第一章	前言--------------------------------------------------1
第二章	基本原理與文獻回顧------------------------------------5
1 合金元素對鎂合金的影響-------------------------------------5
1.1 鋁元素的影響---------------------------------------------5
1.2 鋅元素的影響---------------------------------------------6
2 鎂合金的材料特性-------------------------------------------6
3 鎂合金之晶粒細化-------------------------------------------7
4 ECAE簡介---------------------------------------------------8
4.1 ECAE塑性變形原理-----------------------------------------9
4.2 擠製方法與剪應變幾何特性---------------------------------11
5 金屬材料再結晶理論-----------------------------------------12
5.1 冷作加工儲存能-------------------------------------------13
5.2 儲存能的釋出及再結晶驅動---------------------------------13
5.3 再結晶晶核的形成-----------------------------------------14
5.4 再結晶溫度-----------------------------------------------14
5.5 再結晶晶粒尺寸-------------------------------------------15
5.6 ECAE之晶粒細化原理---------------------------------------16
第三章 實驗材料及分析方法--------------------------------------25
1 實驗材料---------------------------------------------------25
2 實驗設備---------------------------------------------------25
3 分析方法---------------------------------------------------27
3.1 顯微組織觀察及成份分析-----------------------------------27
3.2 材料之機械性質測定---------------------------------------28
第四章 未輥軋鈑片之成形研究------------------------------------35
1 未軋輥鎂鈑之沖壓成形研究-----------------------------------35
1.1 鈑片工作溫度及預熱時間對沖壓成形性之影響-----------------35
1.2 沖壓速度對沖壓成形性之影響-------------------------------36
1.3 階段沖壓之可行性-----------------------------------------36
1.4 沖壓破壞模式---------------------------------------------37
2 未軋輥鎂鈑之吹氣成形研究-----------------------------------37
2.1 吹氣成形結果---------------------------------------------38
2.2 吹氣成形後鈑片之微結構分析-------------------------------39
3 未軋輥鎂鈑之沖壓及吹氣成形比較-----------------------------40
第五章 鈑片輥軋及軋後吹氣成形研究------------------------------51
1 鈑片輥軋實驗-----------------------------------------------51
1.1熱輥軋實驗------------------------------------------------51
1.1.1 AZ31鎂鈑經熱輥軋製程後微結構及機械性質分析-------------53
1.1.2 AZ61鎂鈑經熱輥軋製程後微結構及機械性質分析-------------54
1.2 軋後熱處理-----------------------------------------------55
1.2.1 AZ31鎂鈑(As-Rolled)經退火處理後微結構及機械性質分析----55
1.2.2 AZ61鎂鈑(As-Rolled)經退火處理後微結構及機械性質分析----56
2 熱軋後AZ31鎂鈑 (1mm)之吹氣成形-----------------------------57
2.1 輥軋鎂鈑(1mm)在成形深度20mm的吹氣成形結果----------------58
2.2 輥軋鎂鈑(Post-Annealed)、成形深度16mm的吹氣成形結果------58
2.3 輥軋鎂鈑(As-Rolled)、成形深度16mm的吹氣成形結果----------60
2.4 輥軋鎂鈑(1mm)吹氣成形後之厚度分析------------------------61
2.5 吹氣成形後鈑片之微結構分析-------------------------------62
第六章 等通道彎角擠製之晶粒細化研究----------------------------92
1 ECAE製程實驗-----------------------------------------------93
1.1 ECAE製程及製程後巨觀分析---------------------------------93
1.2 AZ31經ECAE製程後材料分析---------------------------------94
1.2.1 AZ31鎂合金經ECAE製程後微結構分析-----------------------94
1.2.2 AZ31鎂合金經ECAE製程後之機械性質分析-------------------97
1.3 AZ61經ECAE製程後材料分析---------------------------------99
1.3.1 AZ61鎂合金經ECAE製程後微結構分析-----------------------99
1.3.2 AZ61鎂合金經ECAE製程後之機械性質分析-------------------100
2 ECAE製程後退火處理-----------------------------------------101
2.1 AZ31鎂合金經ECAE製程後退火處理---------------------------102
2.2 AZ61鎂合金經ECAE製程後退火處理---------------------------103
3 鎂合金經ECAE後材料之高溫拉伸性質---------------------------103
第七章 晶粒細化、鈑片成形比較與結論----------------------------149
1 AZ31鎂合金經熱輥軋及ECAE製程後晶粒細化比較-----------------149
2 AZ31鎂鈑經晶粒細化前後之吹氣成形性比較---------------------150
3 結論-------------------------------------------------------150
2.1 鎂合金晶粒細化-------------------------------------------150
2.2 AZ31鎂合金鈑片成形---------------------------------------152
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------157
相關著作-------------------------------------------------------162

                                

[1] ASM, “Magnesium Alloys”, Metals Handbook 8th Edition, Vol.8 (1976), pp.314-319.
[2] 賴耿陽, “非鐵金屬材料”, 新竹, (1998), pp.174-191.
[3] 楊萬騏, “藉著La-rich misch metal的添加及熱擠型法以改善Mg-8Al鎂合金機械性能之研究”, 國立台灣大學材料科學與工程研究所博士論文 (2003).
[4] ASM, “Magnesium Alloys”, Metals Handbook 9th Edition, Vol.6 (1985), pp.425-434.
[5] 張永耀, “金屬熔銲學”, 徐氏基金會, 台北, 下冊 (1976), pp.134-170.
[6] G. Neite, K. Kubota, K. Higashi, and F. Hemann, Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 8 VCH (1996), pp.113.
[7] J. A. Chapman, D. V. Wilson: J. Inst. Metals, 91 (1962-63), pp.35.
[8] 掘田善活, 古川稔, T. G. Langdon, 根本實, Materia, Vol.37 (1998), pp.767 (in Japanese).
[9] V. M. Segal, V.I. Reznikov, A.E. Drobyshevskiy and V.I. Kopylov, “Russian Metallurgy”, (Engl. Transl.), Vol.1 (1981), pp.115.
[10] J. Richert, M. Richert, Aluminum 62 (1986), pp.604.
[11] M. Mabuchi, H. Iwasaki, K. Yanase and K. Higashi, Scripta Materialia, Vol.36 (1997), pp.681-686.
[12] M. Mabuchi, K. Ameyama, H. Iwasaki and K. Higashi, Acta Materialia, Vol.47 (1999), pp.2047-2057.
[13] W. H. Haung﹐L. Chang﹐P. W. Kao and C. P. Chang﹐Materials Science and Engineering A307 (2001), pp.113-118.
[14] V. M. Segal﹐USSR Patent No. 575892 (1977).
[15] Y. Iwahashi﹐J. Wang﹐Z. Horita﹐M. Nemoto﹐T. G. Langdon﹐Scripta Materialia, Vol.35 (1996), pp.143-146.
[16] A. Shan﹐I. G. Moon﹐H. S. Ko﹐J. W. Park﹐ Scripta Materialia, Vol.41 (1999), pp.353-357.
[17] Y. Wu﹐I. Baker﹐Scripta Materialia, Vol.37 (1997), pp.437-442.
[18] H. S. Kim﹐Materials Science and Engineering, A315 (2001), pp.122-128.
[19] M. Furukawa, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, and T. G. Langdon, in Ultrafine Grained Materials﹐ed. R. S. Mishra et al., The Minerals﹐Metals ＆ Materials Society, Warrendale, PA (2000), pp.125.
[20] M. Furukawa﹐Y. Iwahashi﹐Z. Horita﹐M. Nemoto﹐and T. G. Langdon﹐Materials Science and Engineering A257 (1998), pp.328-332.
[21] Y. Iwahashi﹐Z. Horita﹐M. Nemoto﹐T. G. Langdon﹐Acta Materialia, Vol.46 (1998), pp.3317-3331.
[22] K. Oh-ishi﹐Z. Horita﹐M. Furukawa﹐M. Nemoto﹐T. G. Langdon﹐Metall.Trans. A29 (1998), pp.2245.
[23] Robert E. Reed-Hill, Reza Abbaschian, “PHYSICAL METAL- LURGY PRINCIPLES”, THIRD EDITION (1973), pp.227-271.
[24] T. Mukai, H. Watanabe and K. Higashi, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 350-351 (2000), pp. 159-170.
[25] P. Gordon , Trans. AIME, 203 1043 (1955).
[26] J. C. Li, ,Appl., J. Phys., 33 2958 (1962).
[27] R. M. Treco, AIME Regional Conference on Reactive Metals, (1956), pp. 136.
[28] J. S. Smart, and A. A. Smith, Trans. AIME, 152 103 (1943).
[29] W. A. Anderson, and R. F. Mehl, Trans. AIME, 161 140 (1945).
[30] 黃庭彬, “鎂合金與不銹鋼鈑材溫間成形特性之研究”, 國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所博士論文 (2003).
[31] A. K. Ghosh, C. H Hamilton, “Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bonding”, Feb.(1990), pp.13-15.
[32] W-J. KIM, S. W. CHUNG, C. S. CHUNG and D. KUM, Acta Materialia, Vol.49 (2001), p3337-3345.
[33] T. C. Chang, J. Y. Wang, C. M. O and S. Lee, Materials Processing Technology, Vol.140 (2003), pp.588-591.
[34] N. Aoyagi, S. Kamado, Y. kojima, Materials Science Forum, Vol.419-422 (2003), pp.129-134.
[35] 洪國程, “超塑性5083鋁合金快速成形空孔與厚度分析”, 國立中央大學機械工程研究所 (2002).
[36] 陳超明, “鎂合金的高速超塑性成形技術”,工業材料168期(8912), pp.102-104.
[37] 范光堯, “機械成形技術於鎂合金材料的應用概況”, 工業材料162期(8906), pp.139-144.
[38] 陳立文, “等通道彎角擠製之有限元素分析”, 國立中央大學機械工程研究所 (2002), pp.46.
[39] S. Y. Chang, K. S. Lee, S. H. Lee, S. K. Hong, K. T. Park, D. H. Shin, Materials Science Forum, Vol.419-422 (2003), pp.491-496.
[40] M. Hilpert, A. Styczynski, J. Kiese, L. Wanger, Magnesium Alloys and their Application, p.319-324.
[41] T. Mukai, M. Yamanoi, H. Watanabe, and K. Higashi, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 45 (2001), pp.89-94.
[42] A. Mwembela, E. B. Konopleva, H. J. McQueen, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 37 (1997), pp.1789-1795.
[43] V. M. Segal, Materials Science and Engineering, A197 (1995), pp.157-164.
[44] U. Chakkingal, A. B. Suriadi and P. F. Thomson, Scripta Materialia, Vol.39, No.6 (1998), pp.677-684.
[45] W. J. Kim and H. G. Jeong, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 419-422 (2003), pp.201-206.
[46] J. A. Chapman, D. V. Wilson, J. Inst. Metals, 91 (1962-63), 35.
[47] 王建義, 歐家銘, “鎂合金軋延材之材料特性”,台北國際鎂合金研討會 (2001), pp.121-130.
[48] Y. Lu, Q. Wang, X. Zeng, W. Ding, C. Zhai and Y. Zhu, Materials Science Engineering, A278 (2000), pp.69-77.
[49] J. C. Tan, M. J. Tan, Materials Science Engineering, A339(2003), pp.81-89.
[50] E. C. Burke, and W. R. Hibbard, Trans. AIME, 194, 295 (1952).

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文