藉由兩階段溫控厭氧共消化廢棄太空包木屑與尿素產生沼氣之探討

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研究生：	余秉鋐 Ping-Hung Yu
論文名稱：	藉由兩階段溫控厭氧共消化廢棄太空包木屑與尿素產生沼氣之探討
指導教授：	徐敬衡
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程與材料工程學系 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	91
中文關鍵詞：	甲烷、厭氧發酵、溫度、菇包木屑(SMS) 、尿素、緩衝溶液
相關次數：	點閱：14 下載：0
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為了解決將要面對的能源問題及環境議題，發展生質甲烷的技術相當重要。生質甲烷可以透過厭氧消化技術，將農業廢棄物轉換為沼氣。台灣菇類產業產值龐大，生產後的廢棄太空包木屑處理成為問題，其中廢棄太空包木屑富含木質纖維素，因此將其轉換為沼氣。
利用廢棄太空包木屑作厭氧消化產生沼氣，將會面臨到碳氮比太高的問題，而導致厭氧消化中營養不足。因此，透過共消化的過程，利用尿素平衡碳氮比，並在實驗中尋找最適合的碳氮比。不過，添加尿素容易使氨氮濃度增加，造成pH上升過高，所以本實驗會探討添加緩衝溶液對pH控制的影響。
不同的溫度操作會對厭氧消化產生不同的影響，嗜溫的操作可以增加厭氧菌活性，但是產甲烷效率差。而嗜熱操作可以提升甲烷產氣速率，但是厭氧菌穩定性差，因此本實驗將結合兩個溫度區間對於厭氧發酵的優點，建立兩階段溫度控制的厭氧消化系統。
本實驗探討廢棄菇包木屑與尿素作共消化，結果顯示最佳的碳氮比為20。透過緩衝溶液在產酸階段後的添加，穩定的pH控制使得甲烷產氣量到442.8 mL，產量上升31%。透過8小時的嗜溫環境活化菌體，使甲烷產量上升，甲烷產量達到502.5 mL，提升了83%。

Anaerobic digestion technology can convert agricultural waste into biogas. Taiwan's mushroom industry has a large output value, and the disposal of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) becomes a problem. SMS are rich in lignocellulose, so it is suitable for converting it into biogas.
The use of SMS for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas will face the problem of too high C/N ratio, leading to insufficient nutrition in anaerobic digestion. Therefore, through the process of co-digestion, urea is used to balance the C/N ratio. However, the addition of urea tends to increase the ammonia concentration, causing the pH to rise too high, so this experiment will try to add a buffer solution to control the pH.
Mesophilic operation can increase anaerobic activity but reduce the rate of methanogenesis. Thermophilic operation can increase the rate of methanogenesis, but anaerobic bacteria are not stable. Therefore, this experiment will combine the advantages of two temperature intervals for anaerobic digestion to establish a two-stage temperature controlled anaerobic digestion system.
This experiment explored the co-digestion of SMS and urea, and the results showed that the optimal C/N ratio was 20. Through the addition of the buffer solution after the acid production phase, stable pH control resulted in a methane yield of 442.8 mL, an increase of 31%. By activating the cells in an 8-hour mesophilic environment, methane production increased, and methane production reached 502.5 mL, an increase of 83%.

摘要    I
Abstract    II
誌謝    III
目錄    IV
圖目錄    VIII
表目錄    XI
第一章 緒論    1
1-1 研究動機    1
1-2 研究目的    3
第二章 文獻回顧    4
2-1 全球暖化趨勢    4
2-2 生質能源    5
2-3 生質甲烷    7
2-4 厭氧消化    10
2-5 影響厭氧消化環境    12
2-6 緩衝容量對於厭氧消化的影響    16
2-7 廢棄太空包木屑(Spent mushroom substrate, SMS)    17
2-7-1 菇包木屑組成    18
2-7-2 預處理    20
2-8 尿素    25
第三章 實驗材料與流程    26
3-1 實驗流程設計    26
3-2 實驗材料    28
3-3 實驗藥品    30
3-4 實驗儀器    31
3-5 實驗方法    32
3-6 分析方法    36
1.    總固體量 ( Total Solid，TS )測定    36
2.    揮發性固體量 ( Volatile Solids，VS )測定    36
3.    每日產氣量測量    37
4.    甲烷百分比之測定    38
5.    揮發性脂肪酸濃度之測定    39
第四章 結果與討論    42
4-1 菇包木屑與尿素共消化    42
4-1-1 尿素共消化之每日產甲烷百分比    42
4-1-2 尿素共消化之每日氣量、pH    43
4-1-3 尿素共消化之產甲烷量    45
4-2 不同碳氮比尿素共消化之探討    46
4-2-1 不同碳氮比尿素共消化之甲烷濃度百分比    46
4-2-2 不同碳氮比尿素共消化之每日產氣量    47
4-3 緩衝溶液對於尿素共消化之探討    48
4-3-1 添加緩衝溶液之每日pH值變化及揮發性脂肪酸變化    48
4-3-2 添加緩衝溶液之甲烷濃度百分比    50
4-3-3 添加緩衝溶液之每日產氣量    51
4-3-4 添加緩衝溶液之產甲烷量    52
4-4 緩衝溶液添加時機對於尿素共消化之探討    53
4-4-1 緩衝溶液添加時機之每日pH值變化及揮發性脂肪酸變化    53
4-4-2 緩衝溶液添加時機之甲烷濃度百分比    55
4-4-3 緩衝溶液添加時機之每日產氣量    56
4-4-4 緩衝溶液添加時機之產甲烷量    57
4-5 利用兩階段溫度共消化之探討    58
4-5-1 嗜溫環境消化對產氣量之探討    59
4-5-1 兩階段溫度探討之每日產氣量    60
4-5-3 兩階段溫度探討之甲烷濃度百分比    62
4-5-4 兩階段溫度探討之產甲烷量    63
4-6 不同碳氮比在兩階段溫度下之探討    63
4-6-1 不同碳氮比在兩階段溫度下之甲烷濃度百分比    64
4-6-2 不同碳氮比在兩階段溫度下之每日產氣量    65
4-6-3 不同碳氮比在兩階段溫度下之產甲烷量    66
4-7 尿素厭氧共消化及兩階段溫度控制比較    68
第五章 結論    69
5-1 結論    69
5-2 建議    70
參考文獻    71

                                

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