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研究生: 楊景皓
Ching-Hao Yang
論文名稱: 應用於無線感測網路之多模式低複雜度收發機設計
Design of a Multi-mode Low-complexity Transceiver for Wireless Sensor Networks
指導教授: 蔡佩芸
Pei-Yun Tsai
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 資訊電機學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 91
中文關鍵詞: 空間調變收發機OQPSKML Detection
外文關鍵詞: Spatial Modulation, Transceiver, OQPSK, 最大相似偵測
相關次數: 點閱:12下載:0
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  • 近年無線感測網路的應用日趨增加,包含軍事、醫療照護和保安監控等,在感測器的設計上,除了要著眼於降低功率消耗以解決電池能量有限和充電不易的問題,支援多種資料傳輸率以滿足不同傳輸要求的特性也是必需的。
    本論文提出一個多模式無線通訊收發系統,擷取IEEE802.15.4的規格參數特性和空間調變(Spatial Modulation)的技術,使用2.4GHz的頻帶和OQPSK調變,建立新的收發系統規格包含了五種傳輸模式,支援不同的資料傳輸率,範圍從250Kbps到3Mbps,以滿足不同的傳輸需求。我們為單天線和多天線傳輸模式建立基頻通道模型,加入了多路徑衰減通道效應、載波頻率偏移(CFO)和雜訊。在接收端部分主要分成三個部分,粗略同步、精確同步和資料還原。粗略同步包含利用前置序列的重覆性去做符元邊界偵測和CFO的粗略估測。精確同步包含針對CFO估測誤差的修正與相位補償、通道估測和殘餘相位誤差追蹤。在資料還原部分,是要將補償後的訊號還原回資料位元,針對單天線傳輸模式使用解展頻架構,針對多天線傳輸模式則使用多輸入多輸出偵測,我們使用最大相似(Maximum Likelihood, ML)偵測以用於OQPSK調變訊號與空間調變傳輸。最後我們針對五個收發模式做位元錯誤率的系統效能模擬,並將演算法進行硬體電路架構設計,完成系統的定點數模擬。


    This thesis presents an OQPSK transceiver with five modes including Spatial Modulation mode for wireless sensor network applications. The communication system uses 2.4GHz carrier frequency with various data rates ranging from 250Kbps to 3Mbps. The transceiver supports SISO transmission in four modes and 2×2 MIMO transmission with spatial modulation. At the receiver, we design symbol timing detection, carrier frequency offset estimation and compensation, residual phase error tracking, channel estimation, data recovery. For data recovery block, correlator is used for despreading in SISO transmission mode and joint-ML Detection is used for spatial modulation detection in 2×2 MIMO transmission mode. We simulate the bit error rate of five transmission modes under multipath fading channel effects, CFO and noise. It shows that our receiver can work in the low-SNR regime with low-rate modes and also supports 3Mbps with spatial modulation. The algorithms are then transferred into hardware architecture. The fixed-point simulation is carried out to obtain the proper word-lengths of all data paths.

    目錄 iii 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 x 第一章 緒論 1   1.1 簡介與研究動機(Motivation) 1   1.2 論文組織(Organization) 3 第二章 多模式發送機架構 4   2.1 系統特性介紹(System Description) 4     2.1.1 直接序列展頻(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, DSSS) 4     2.1.2 空間調變(Spatial Modulation, SM) 5   2.2 系統規格(System Specification) 6   2.3 封包格式設計(Packet Formation) 8   2.4 發送機架構(Transmitter Architecture) 10     2.4.1 位元與符元對應(Bit-To-Symbol Mapping) 10     2.4.2 串列轉並列(Serial-To-Parallel) 11     2.4.3  符元與子碼對應(Symbol-To-Chip Mapping) 12     2.4.4 OQPSK調變(OQPSK Modulation) 17     2.4.5 脈波塑形(Pulse Shaping) 18   2.5 發送機電路設計(Transmitter Circuit Design) 18 第三章 基頻通道介紹 20   3.1 IEEE802.15.4a Channel Model 20     3.1.1 功率延遲分布(Power Delay Profile) 20     3.1.2 小尺度衰減(Small-scale Fading) 22   3.2 多重路徑衰減通道(Multipath Fading Channel) 22   3.3  加成性白高斯雜訊(Additive White Gaussian Noise) 25   3.4 載波頻率偏移(Carrier Frequency Offset) 26   3.5 通道模擬(Simulation) 27     3.5.1 通道環境參數(Channel Environment Parameter) 27     3.5.2 模擬結果(Simulation Results) 28 第四章 接收機相關演算法 30   4.1 封包偵測與粗略同步(Packet Detection and Coarse Synchronization) 31     4.1.1 延遲相關性(Delay-and-Correlation) 31     4.1.2 改良延遲相關性(Modified Delay-and-Correlation) 32     4.1.3 邊界偵測(Boundary Detection) 34     4.1.4 載波頻率偏移估測(CFO Estimation) 38   4.2 精確同步(Fine Synchronization) 39     4.2.1 初始相位差估測(Initial Phase Offset Estimation) 40     4.2.2 CFO估測誤差偵測(CFO Estimation Error Detection) 41     4.2.3 殘餘相位誤差追蹤(Residual Phase Error Tracking) 43   4.3 通道估測(Channel Estimation) 45   4.4 資料回復(Data Recovery) 47     4.4.1 解展頻(De-spreading) 47     4.4.2 多輸入多輸出偵測(MIMO Detection) 49   4.5 系統效能模擬(System Performance Simulation) 52 第五章 接收機架構 55   5.1 硬體定點數模擬(Word Length Simulation) 55   5.2 封包偵測與粗略同步(Packet Detection and Coarse Synchronization) 59     5.2.1 延遲相關器(Delay Correlator) 59     5.2.2 邊界偵測(Boundary Detection) 62     5.2.3 座標軸旋轉數位計數器(CORDIC) 66     5.2.4 載波頻率偏移估測(CFO Estimation) 67   5.3 精確同步(Fine Synchronization) 68     5.3.1 相位補償(Phase Compensation) 68     5.3.2 相位差計算(Phase Difference Computation) 69     5.3.3 弦波振幅產生器(Sine/Cosine Wave Generator) 70   5.4 資料回復(Data Recovery) 72     5.4.1 解展頻(De-spreading) 72     5.4.2 多輸入多輸出偵測(MIMO Detection) 76   5.5 模擬結果(Simulation Results) 87 第六章 結論 89 參考文獻 90

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