新創的企業，總伴隨著許多不確定性。如何有效的經營新興公司並使其成長茁壯，一直是學界與實務界共同想要了解的課題，但鮮少有研究專門針對人力資源策略與新興公司績效之間的關聯作探討。
基於此，本研究旨在探討人力資源策略與新興公司績效之間的關聯。並試著以統計分析等研究方法，系統性地找尋出適合新興公司發展的人力資源策略。本研究以363家年齡介於2~10年之上市、上櫃、興櫃、以及公開發行公司作為研究對象，並回收59份問卷，有效回收率為16.25%。
根據文獻探討，及信效度分析的結果，本研究將新興公司的組織績效定義為：創新能力與市場競爭力。同時也歸納出六項與新興公司組織績效相關的人力資源策略：以專業技能為主的招募甄選、薪資領先政策、專門性訓練、溝通、員工參與及工作安全。而透過迴歸分析等方法，得出以下結論：第一、以專業技能為主的招募甄選，對新興公司的創新能力有所幫助。第二、薪資領先政策，對新興公司的創新能力與市場競爭力都有所幫助。第三、專門性訓練，對新興公司的創新能力與市場競爭力皆無顯著的關聯。第四、溝通對於新興公司的創新能力與市場競爭力都有所幫助。第五、員工參與會對新興公司的創新能力有所幫助。第六、工作安全政策會對新興公司的創新能力與市場競爭力都有所幫助。

It is always risky to start a new enterprise. Therefore, many scholars and practitioners attempt to discover how to effectively manage a new venture business. But only few literatures have ever discussed the relation between the performance of new venture business and the human resource activities.
Due to the fact, this study tried to make effort on the relation between the performance of new venture business and the human resource activities. Using statistic methodology, the study systematically discovered the human resource strategies which are appropriate for the new venture business. The sample pool of the study contained 363 IPO (Initial Public Offering) companies, whose ages were all from 2 to 10 years old. We recovered 59 questionnaires, which meant recover rate was 16.25%.
According to the literature review and the outcome of the statistic analysis, this study clarified the performance new venture business into two different concepts: creativity and competitiveness. Also, we concluded six human resource strategies that may relate to the new venture performance: selection based on the specific skill, lead compensation, specific training, participation, communication, and job security. Though the regression analysis, this study consequently drew several conclusions: First, “selection based on the specific skill” has positive effect on creativity of new venture business. Second, “lead compensation” has positive effect on both creativity and competitiveness of new venture business. Third, “specific training” has no effect on neither creativity nor competitiveness of new venture business. Fourth, “participation” has positive effect on creativity of new venture business. Fifth, “communication” has positive effect on both creativity and competitiveness of new venture business. Sixth, “job security” has positive effect on both creativity and competitiveness of new venture business.

參考文獻
Audertsch, D. B., 1995. Innovation and Industry Evolution. England: The MIT Press.
Bass, B. B., 1990. Handbook of leadership, New York: Free Press.
Baum, J. R., Calabrese. T, Silverman B. S., 2000. Don’t go it alone: Alliance network composition and startups’ performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 21:267
Baum, J. R., Locke E. A. & Smith K. G., 2001. A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 292-303.
Black, S. E., Lynch M. L., 1996. Human-capital investments and productivity. Technology, Human Capital, and Wage Structure, 86:262-267.
Blythe J., 2002. Communication and innovation: the case of hi-fi systems. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 7: 9-16
Bird, B.,1988. Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13: 442-453.
Coleman. J., 1990. Foundations of Social Theory, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F. J. & Woo C. Y., 1994. Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 9: 371-395.
Chui, R. K., Luk, V. W. & Tang, T. L. 2002. Retaining and motivating employees: compensation preferences in Hong Kong and China. Personnel Review, 31: 402-431.
Daley, D., Vasu, M. L. & Weinstein M. B., 2002. Perceptions among north Carolina county social service professionals. Strategic Human Resource Management, 31: 359-375
Davidsson, P., & Honig, B.,2003. The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18: 301-331.
Delaney, J. M. & Huselid, M. A., 1996. The impact of human resource practice on perception of organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 949-969.
Delery, J. E. & Doty D. H., 1996. Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: test of universalistic, contingency, and configurational performance prediction. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 802-835
Delmar, F. Davidsson, P. & Gartner W. B., 2003. Arriving at the high-growth firm. Journal of Business Venturing, 18: 189-216.
Florin, J., Lubatkin, M. & Schulze, W., 2003. A social capital model of high-growth ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 46: 374-384.
Hill, C. W. L. & Jones G. R., 2002. Strategic Management Theory. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Kaulio, M. A., 2003. Initial conditions or process of development? Critical incidents in the early stages of new ventures. R&D Management, 33: 165~175.
Kazanjian, R. K., 1988 Relation of dominant problems to stages of growth in technology based new ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 31: 257-279.
Koch, M. J. & McGrath, R. G., 1996. Improving labor productivity: human resource management police do matter. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 335-354.
Lazear, E. P., 1998. Teams. Personnel Economics for Managers, 303-343. Wiley & Sons.
Leana, C. R. & Van Buren H. J. Ⅲ., 1999. Organizational social capital and employment practices. Academy of Management Review, 24: 538-555.
Lievens, A., Moenaert, R. K. & Jegers, R. S., 1999. Linking communication to innovation success in the financial services industry: a case study analysis. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 10: 23.
Levine, D. I. & Tyson L. D.,1989. Participation, productivity, and firm’s environment. Paying for Productivity, 183-243
Mak, S. K. M. & Akhtar, S., 2003 Human resource management practice, strategic orientations, and company performance: a correlation study of publicly listed companies. The Journal of American Academy of Business, March: 510-515.
Mansfield, E & Switzer. L., 1984. Effects of federal support on company-financed R and D: the case of energy. Management Science, 30: 562-571
Martell K. D. & Carroll, S. J. Jr., 1995. The role of HRM in supporting innovation strategies: recommendations on how R&D managers should be treated from an HRM perspective. R&D Management, 25: 91-105.
McCann, J. E.Ⅲ,1991. Design principles for an innovating company. Academy of Management Excutive, 5: 76-93.
McDougall, P. & Robinson, R B., Jr., 1990. New venture strategies: and empirical identification of eight ”archetypes” of competitive strategies for entry. Strategic Management Journal, 11: 447-467.
Nonaka, I., 1994. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5:14-37
Ostgaard, T. A. & Birley, S., 1996. New venture growth and personal networks. Journal of Business Research, 36: 37-50.
Patrucco, P. P., 2003. Communication and innovation in the case of the Bruanza technological district. Regional Studies, 37: 159.
Quinn, R. E. & Cameron, K., 1983. Organizational life cycles and shifting criteria of effectiveness: some preliminary evidence. Management Science, 29: 33-51
Ring, P. S. & Van D. V., 1992. Structuring cooperative relationships between organizations. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 483-498.
Roberts , J., 2000. From know-how to show-how? Questioning the role of information and communication technologies in knowledge transfer. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 12: 429-443.
Robinson, R. B. Jr., 1990. New venture strategies: an empirical identification of eight “archetypes” of competitive strategies for entry. Strategic Management Journal, 11: 447-467.
Rogers E. M., 1983. Diffusion of Innovations, New York: The Free Press.
Sawyerr, O. O., McGee, J. & Peterson, M.,2003. Percieved uncertainty and firm performance in SMEs. International Small Business Journal, 21: 269-289
Schumann, P. A. Jr., Ransley D. L. & Prestwood, D. C. L., 1995 Measuring R&D Performance. Research- Technology Management, May-June: 45-54.
Snell, S. A. & Dean, J. W. Jr., 1992. Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: a human capital perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 35: 467-504.
Souitaris, V., 2002. Firm-specific competencies determining technological innovation: a survey in Greece. R&D Management, 32: 61-77.
Thakur, S. P., 1998. Size of investmentm opportunity choice and human resources in new venture growth: some typologies. Journal of Business Venturing, 14: 283-309.
Wagner Ⅲ, J. A., 1994. Participation’s effects on performance and satisfaction: A reconsideration of research evidence. Academy of Management Review, 19: 312-330
Verhaeghe, A. & Kfir, R., 2002. Managing innovation in a knowledge intensive technology organisation (KITO). R&D Management, 32: 409-417.
Yeung, A. K., Ulrich, D. O. & Glinow, M. A., 1999. Organizational learning capability. New York: Oxford University Press.
Yli-Renko, H., Autio, E. & Sapienza, H. J., 2001. Social capital, Knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms. Strategic Management Journal, 22: 587-613.
Yousef, D. A., 1998. Satisfaction with job security as predictor of organizational commitment and job performance in a multicultural environment. International Journal of Manpower, 19, 184
Zimmerer, T. W. & Scarborough, N. M., 1996. Entrepreneurship and the new venture formation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.