| 研究生: |
黃介至 Steve Huang |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
臺灣航空業進入大陸上海貨運市場之策略探討 The Exploratory Research for the Strategy of Two Taiwan-based Carriers to Entry the Air Cargo Market at China Shanghai |
| 指導教授: |
王存國
Eric T. G. Wang |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 高階主管企管碩士班 Executive MBA Program |
| 畢業學年度: | 92 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 63 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 進入策略 、兩岸通航 、策略聯盟 、航空貨運 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Foreign entry, Cross-strait, Strategic Alliance, Air Cargo |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:7 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
臺灣的兩家國際航空公司因「兩岸三通」的政策遲遲未能落實,意識到進入該市場的機會正逐漸在流失之中,於是分別展開間接進入上海貨運市場的佈局。而兩家個案公司所選擇的合作對象及進入該市場的方式並不相同,各有其策略上的考量。本研究除藉兩家個案公司探討臺灣航空業進入大陸市場的策略外,亦對兩家企業的進入策略及其合作對象的選擇做一比較分析,最後並嘗試提出臺灣航空業未來進入大陸貨運市場策略的建議。
經本研究對個案的分析及問題的探討,發現台商赴中國的投資已出現結構性的轉變,大陸航空貨運的艙位不足日益嚴重,特別是上海的市場。因此,如臺灣航空業不盡快進入此一快速成長的市場,恐怕會被歐美的大型貨運業者搶得先機。然而在兩岸通航之前,臺灣的航空業者根本無法直接飛進大陸,目前臺灣的航空業者僅能以「策略聯盟」的方式進入大陸市場,因此必須先行規劃進入此一市場的有效策略。
此外,從兩個個案之比較中發現:「策略聯盟」的雙方所投入的資源越多,且複雜度較低者,其聯盟的持續穩定度較高。而且,以「策略聯盟」的成功因素來作比較,亦可分析出不穩定因素的所在。
同時,本研究主張臺灣航空貨運現階段的策略,應該利用其優勢促進盡快達成兩岸「通航」的協議,讓臺灣在全球經濟架構重整之際亦能繼續擁有其競爭優勢。如此,臺灣才能利用其現有兩家航空公司的貨機機隊及貨運方面的技術與知識,再加上中正機場的地理位置的優勢,快速取代香港目前所擔任大陸貨運轉運的地位,讓臺灣成為「亞太的空運中心」。
最後,以兩岸所建立的產業關係為範本,本研究提出未來兩岸通航後在航空貨運進行合作的策略模式,藉由兩地的地理優勢來擴大雙方的服務範圍,在通航後,進一步將臺灣納入大陸貨運網路之中,成為一個美洲、歐洲、中亞與大陸之間的貨運轉運中心。
Due to politic reasons, the Cross-Strait airline business between Mainland China and Taiwan has been delayed, and the carriers of Taiwan have found they might gradually lose their opportunity to enter and expand their business in China’s booming cargo market. However, both of the Taiwanese international carriers have found their way entering the Shanghai Air Cargo market, at least indirectly. Two different strategies were selected by the two carriers to enter the Shanghai market. Through the comparison of the strategies adopted by the two carriers, this study tried to understand the suitable strategy for Taiwanese carriers to enter the China market. Future possible strategies for entering the China market were proposed.
In this study, we found the new-invested industry from Taiwan to Mainland China was structurally changed. Specifically, the firms making new investments in China from Taiwan were changed from small- and medium-sized companies to large public companies, and the location also moved from the Pearl River Triangle Area to the Yangtze River Triangle Area. As a result, the shortage of Air Cargo space in Shanghai area has become the most critical problem for the industries in the area. Also, China gradually allowed the foreign carriers to have the Fifth Freedom to operate in the China Cargo market. Taiwan’s carriers therefore must enter this market before the direct link agreement between the two sides. Currently, the only way to enter the China Market was to establish strategic alliance with one of the China’s carriers.
Comparing the types of strategic alliance selected by the two studied carriers, we applied the stability matrix of airline alliance study and the key success factors to check the stability of both alliances and their dynamic characteristics. The general conclusion is that higher resource input and lower complexity involvement tend to provide relatively higher stability for airline alliances.
The finding and the suggestion of the study are as follows. Complete the cross-strait agreement between the two sides as soon as possible. Taiwan-based carriers could use their large capacity and experienced operational skills to enter the China market to provide good service to match its strong demand for air cargo. Chinese carriers prefer to have partnership with Taiwanese carriers so as to learn the know-how and skill of air cargo business. Strategic alliance is the best way for Chinese carriers to easily learn the core know-how and skill to operate in the air cargo market. Taiwan government has to reconsider the competition between Hong Kong CLK airport and Taiwan CKS airport. The Cross-strait service could let CKS easily replace CLK’s position to be the cargo transfer center between China and USA. In the future, the logistic services for global supply chains will be more important due to the industrial position of China. Taiwanese carriers could enter China quickly and link with their existing cargo service net. Based on the geographical advantage of Taiwan, Taiwan government could consider improving the air cargo service at the CKS airport in order to replace Hong Kong and link directly with the three major gateways in China. Strategically, Taiwan could maintain its competitiveness in the transportation business and be a large cargo hub in Asia.
一、中文
1. 王聰榮,「2002年中國大陸航空運輸產業之展望」,航太產業報導,2002年3月。
2. 司徒達賢,策略管理新論,智勝,2003年9月初版四刷。
3. 朱雲鵬,兩岸的產業發展及經貿戰略規劃,國家政策研究基金會科技經濟組召開的「突破當前經濟困境系列座談會」的報告,2001年5月13日。
4. 李道成,「中共將解除航空貨運業務緊箍咒」,工商時報,2003年12月30日。
5. 林泳汀,如何進行兩岸經貿投資,世潮,1994年1月初版。
6. 林震岩,大陸地區投資環境與風險調查,電子電機公會委託研究,2000年2月。
7. 林賢光,「探討台商企業赴大陸投資之環境與遭遇困難 以長江三角洲高科技產業為例」,國立交通大學碩士論文,2001年。
8. 行政院大陸委員會,『航空貨運便捷化』措施之政策說明, 2004年9月10日。
9. 吳青松,國際企業管理理論與實務,智勝,1999年3月二版。
10. 高長,大陸投資環境與台商經營管理研究訪問團研究報告,行政院大陸委員會委託研究案,台北:中華名國企業經理協進會,1995年6月。
11. 郭維邦,「國泰航空 將成兩岸最大貨運機隊」,經濟日報,2004年1月9日。
12. 郭錦萍,「兩岸關係重要指標 華航投資中貨航生變」,聯合報,2003年10月14日。
13. 陳光華,大陸海空運輸產業概況,行政院大陸委員會發行,2000年11月三版。
14. 陳英傑,「兩岸航空貨運直航航點選擇與航線規劃問題」,國立成功大學碩士論文,2002年10月。
15. 張清溪、許嘉棟、劉鶯釧及吳聰敏,經濟學-理論與實際,翰蘆圖書,2000年8月4版。
16. 陳溪青,「中國大陸投資環境之研究」,文化大學碩士論文,1990年6月。
17. 陳曉菁,「全大陸台資逼近800億美元31省市台商投資排行榜調查總分析」,投資中國第119期,2004年1月。
18. 國際通商法律事務所,大陸投資法律與實務解讀,日月,1993年。
19. 童振源,「區域貿易整合與台灣的戰略」,兩岸經貿月刊,第146期第15 - 18頁,2004年2月。《兩岸經貿網》,http://www.seftb.org/。
20. 楊文琪,「長榮擬濕租國外貨機經營兩岸貨運」,經濟日報,2004年4月23日。
21. 葉卉軒,「提升貨運成長,長榮航空計畫與中國三大航空集團合作」,東森新聞報,2004年4月22日。
22. 劉秀珍,「兩岸政策裹小腳 三通不通台商怨」,經濟日報,2003年12月9日。
23. 戴志言,「兩岸航空運輸業發展現況」,航太產業報導,2002年4月。
24. 蘇菲,「港澳地區經貿消息輯要」,兩岸經貿月刊,第146期第23 - 25頁,2004年2月。《兩岸經貿網》,http://www.seftb.org/。
25. 龔俊榮,「華航投資中貨航面臨觸礁」,2003年11月27日,中網理財網,http://www.cmoney888.com/。
26. 兩岸經貿月刊,「上海空運費大漲 台商繞道港台出貨」,第143期,2003年11月10日。
27. 兩岸經貿月刊,「合資運輸企業准外商持股75%」,第133期,2003年1月10日。
28. 青年報,「东航华航辗转牵手 两岸巨头预热“三通”」, 2002年10月31日。
29. 經濟日報,「大陸開放與臺灣經濟發展策略」, 2003年10月13日。
二、英文
1. Agusdinata, Buyung & Wouter de Klein, “The Dynamics of Airline Alliance,” Journal of Airline Management, 2002, pp.201-211.
2. Anonym, “China Air Cargo Forecast – Analysis of the Future Development Evironment,”「民用飞机中国市场预测年报 2003 - 2022」, Inst. of Aeronautic Systems Engineering, Oct 2003, pp.66-72.
3. Anonym, “The Airline Industry Guide 2003/04,” Airline Business, Sep. 2003.
4. Au, A. K. M. & P. Enderwick, “Small Firms in International Joint Ventures in China: The New Zealand Experience,” Journal of Business Management, Vol.3, No.1, 1994, pp.30-40.
5. Brouthers, Keith D., Lance Eliot Brouthers & Timothy J.Wilkinson, “Strategic Alliance: Choose Your Partners”, Long Range Planning, Vol.28, No.3, 1995, pp.18-25.
6. Ciborra, Claudio, “Alliances as Learning Experiments: Cooperation, Competition and Change in High-tech Industries,” Strategic Partnerships and the World Economy, Lynn Krieger Mytelka (ed.), London, Pinter Publishers, 1991.
7. Deng, Ping, “WFOEs: The Most Popular Entry Mode into China,” Business Horizons; Vol.44, No.4, Jul/Aug2001, pp.63-72
8. Dennis, William, “Big Role for Cargo Asia Airlines Ordering More Dedicated Freighters as They Build on Their ‘02 Success,” Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol.158, No.9, Mar 3,2003, pp.44-45.
9. Devlin, G and Bleackley, M, “ Strategic Alliances – Guideline for Success,” Long Range Plan, Vol.21, No.5, 1988, pp.18-23.
10. Fahn, Jiin-ming & N.Yuh-jiun Lin, ”Report on the Economic Situation of Mainland China and the Two Sides of the Taiwan Strait(1997/1998),“ Chung-Hua Instition for Economic Research, 1999.
11. Fernow, Andrew & Christopher Smith, ”Great China Aviation Sector Report,” Primasia Securities Group, Jul 2003.
12. Gudmundsson, Sveinn Vidar and Dawna L. Rhoades, “Airline alliance survival analysis: typology, strategy and duration,” Transportation Policy, 2001, pp.209-218.
13. Harbison, Peter, Derek Sadubin, Dr Philip McDermott, Ian Thomas & Steve Hopper, Asia Pacific Aviation Outlook 2001, Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, 2001.
14. Harbison, Peter, Derek Sadubin, Dr Philip McDermott, & Misty Cambray, The Essential China Book 2002:Airports, Airlines & Tourism, Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, 2002.
15. Harbison, Peter, Derek Sadubin, Philip McDermott, Ian Thomas, Julia Messner, Roniga Hang & Misty Cambray, Asia Pacific Aviation Outlook 2003, Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, 2003.
16. Inkpen, Andrew, “Learning, Knowledge Acquisition, and Strategic Alliance,” European Management Journal, Vol.16, No.2, Apr 1998, pp.223-229.
17. Kale, Prashant, Jeffrey Dyer & Harbir Singh, “Value Creation and Success in Strategic Alliance: Alliancing Skills and the Role of Alliance Structure and System,” European Management Journal , Vol.19, No.5, Oct 2001, pp.463-471.
18. Lorange, Peter & Johan Roos, Strategic Alliances, Blackwell Publishers ( Three Cambridge Center ), 1992.
19. Luo,Yadong , “Joint Venture Success in China: How Should We Select a Good Partner ?” Journal of World Business; Vol.33, No.2, 1998, pp.145-166.
20. Pan, Yigang & Shaomin Li, “The Impact of Order and Mode of Market Entry on Profitability and Market Share,” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.30, No.1, 1Q 1999, pp.81-103.
21. Pan, Yigang & David K Tse, “The Hierarchical Model of Market Entry Modes,” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.31, No.4, 4Q 2000, pp.535.
22. Perlmutter, Howard V. & David A. Heenan, “Thinking Ahead- Cooperate to compete globally,” Harvard Business Review, Mar-Apr 1986, pp.136-152.
23. Porter, M.E. & M.B. Fuller, Competition in Global Industries, Harvard Business School Press, 1986.
24. Rhoades, Dawna L. and Heather Lush, “A Typology of Strategic alliance in the Airline Industry: Propositions for Stability and Duration,” Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol.3, No.3, 1997, pp.9-114.
25. Smith, Christopher, Direct Links, Primasia Insight Pacific, Mar 2004.
26. Wooward, D.G. and B.C.F. Liu, “Investing in China: Guideline for Success,” Long Range Planning, Vol.26, No.2, 1993, pp.83-89.
27. Yan, Aimin , “Structure Stability and Reconfiguration of International Joint Ventures,” Jounal of International Business Studies, Vol.29, No.4, 4Q 1998, pp.773-795.
28. Yan, Aimin & Ming Zeng, “International Joint Venture Instability: A Critique of Previous Research, A Reconceptualization, and Directions for Future Research,” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.30, No.2, 2Q 1999, pp.395-412.
29. Yoshino, M. & M. Rangan , ”US. Strategic Alliances: an Entrepreneurial Approach to Globalization,” Boston(MA), Harvard Business School Press, 1995.
三、網頁
1. 大陸台商經貿網。http://www.chinabiz.org.tw/ (Mar 2004)
2. 中華航空網站,http://www.china-airlines.com/ (Dec 2003)
3. 長榮航空網站。http://www.evaair.com/ (DEC 2003)
4. 《臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例 》http://www.gio.gov.tw/info/mainland/law1.html (Dec 2003)
5. 國貿局網站。http://cus.moeaboft.gov.tw/ (Dec 2003)
6. 陸委會網站。http://www.mac.gov.tw/ (Dec 2003)