| 研究生: |
古佳艷 Chia-Yen Ku |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
台灣至呂宋島間馬尼拉海溝的震測研究: |
| 指導教授: |
許樹坤
Shu-Kun Hsu |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
地球科學學院 - 地球物理研究所 Graduate Institue of Geophysics |
| 論文出版年: | 2003 |
| 畢業學年度: | 92 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 73 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 呂宋 、台灣 、馬尼拉海溝 、原逆衝斷層區 、南海 、反射震測 、隱沒帶 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Manila Trench, proto-thrust zone, South China Sea, multichannal seismic, subduction zone, Taiwan, Luzon |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:22 下載:0 |
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南海海洋岩石圈沿馬尼拉海溝(Manila Trench)向東隱沒到菲律賓海板塊之下,此馬尼拉隱沒系統在20°N以南顯示單純的板塊隱沒作用,但在20°N以北則逐漸與歐亞大陸邊緣斜向聚合,更往北則形成了複雜的台灣造山帶。過去研究台灣至呂宋島間的馬尼拉隱沒系統之資料多集中在20°N以北,此區域構造實際上大多已經受到台灣造山運動的影響而變形。為了瞭解台灣至呂宋島之間馬尼拉隱沒系統的正常隱沒到初期碰撞的上部地殼構造特性,本研究利用2003年7月和9月在18.5°N 到20.5°N所蒐集的六條反射震測剖面,進行震測資料處理、震測層序分析和震測解釋。
研究發現最南端的震測剖面清楚呈現單純的板塊隱沒過程,隱沒基盤與上覆的沈積物均朝島弧方向傾斜,海溝處則覆蓋著2秒雙程走時厚的沈積物。而在研究區最北端的剖面中海溝的前半段仍可看到沈積層向下隱沒的樣貌,但到了海溝的後半段則開始有明顯密集的逆衝斷層,這些逆衝斷層皆出露於海床面,沈積物被擠壓往上抬昇。海溝沈積物(trench-fill sediments)的沈積量在本研究區段中由南往北遞減,顯示隱沒作用由南往北逐漸減弱,而碰撞聚合作用活躍地由南往北逐漸增強。
依照板塊隱沒而產生的地殼變形特性,我們將海溝附近分成正斷層區(Normal fault zone)與原逆衝斷層區(Proto-thrust zone),這兩個區域沿著海溝分佈。正斷層區為海溝中靠海盆方向的密集正斷層分佈區域,可能是隱沒板塊向下彎曲使得上部岩層受到伸張力量而產生。原逆衝斷層區緊接著正斷層區,為往海盆方向第一個盲逆衝斷層至逆衝斷層前緣(frontal thrust)間的區域,該區已經受到擠壓作用而產生盲逆衝斷層,盲逆衝斷層可能循原正斷層位置產生反轉構造,這些盲逆衝斷層極有可能在未來受更大的擠壓力量下而出露於海床。另外,本區存在的滑脫面(décollement)位置可能循層序邊界t4或t5產生,但是因為在海溝區域的擠壓作用尚未很劇烈且有正斷層的分佈,因此並沒有觀察到清楚的滑脫面存在。
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