高速旋轉填充床於分離乙醇-水共沸混合物之研究

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研究生：	黃祥羚 Hsiang-Ling Huang
論文名稱：	高速旋轉填充床於分離乙醇-水共沸混合物之研究
指導教授：	李亮三 Liang-Sun Lee
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程與材料工程學系 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	74
中文關鍵詞：	旋轉填充床、乙醇
外文關鍵詞：	rotating packed bed, ethanol, Higee
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傳統醇類混合物的蒸餾分離程序中，最難處理的即是共沸點的存在。本研究以加鹽至共沸混合物中，以改變其相對揮發度進而達到分離共沸混合物的目的。此方法的優點在於所使用的鹽類便宜，回收容易，並且不需改變操作的壓力，因此可節省投資資本及能源。
　　本論文研究乙醇-水系統，實驗結果發現只要當液體進料之乙醇莫耳濃度高於54%時，不論進料之汽液體積比及汽體進料之乙醇莫耳濃度為何，皆能有效提升乙醇的成分。以乙醇-水系統加鹽及不加鹽來比較，在相同的汽、液體乙醇莫耳組成下，添加醋酸鉀莫耳百分比4.04%比未添加醋酸鉀之結果，發現隨著液體比例的增加而提升的乙醇莫耳百分比在1.5%到4%之間。
本論文討論乙醇-水加鹽系統，利用旋轉填充床，嘗試分離此共沸混合物。研究結果發現只要所加入的鹽類恰當且夠量的話，確實能有效分離共沸混合物，且可得到很純的蒸餾液。結果發現醋酸鉀只需添加莫耳百分比6.35%就能分離乙醇-水共沸混合物，隨著增加醋酸鉀的量，旋轉床出口之汽體乙醇莫耳組成可從83.16%提高至94%。進料之汽液體積比1：1、2：3、1：2及1：3中，隨著液體的比例提高結果越好，又以1：2及1：3結果最為顯著。

目      錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
目錄……………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………..Ⅳ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………..Ⅴ
第一章 緒  論…………………………………………………………..1
1-1 前言……………………………………………………………….1
1-2 研究目的………………………………………………………….1
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………..3
2-1共沸物的定義及種類……………………………………………..3
2-2傳統蒸餾塔中之分離方法………………………………………..3
2-3鹽類(電解質)在混合溶劑中的效應……………………………6
2-3-1鹽效應原理……………………………………………...6
2-3-2鹽對相平衡中的影響…………………………………...7
2-3-3汽液相平衡中的鹽效應原理…………………………...8
2-3-4加鹽蒸餾…………………………………………………9
2-3-5加鹽萃取蒸餾………………………………………….9
2-4高速旋轉填充床分離技術…………………………… ………10
2-4-1高速旋轉填充床分離技術之構造與原理………………11
2-4-2高速旋轉填充床分離技術之流力特性質傳理論………13
2-4-3高速旋轉填充床分離技術之發展………………………15
2-4-4 高速旋轉填充床分離技術之應用…………………… 17
2-4-4-1 蒸餾……………………………………………17
2-4-4-2 吸收…….……………………………………18
2-4-4-3 氣提……….…………………………………19
2-4-4-4 反應…….……………………………………19
2-4-4-5 合成奈米粉體…………………………………20
2-4-4-6 其他….………………………………………21
2-4-5 高速旋轉填充床之加鹽萃取蒸餾……………………...22
2-4-6高速旋轉填充床之加鹽蒸餾…..……………………...22
第三章 實驗方法………………………………………………………24
3-1實驗儀器…………………………………………………………24
3-2實驗藥品…………………………………………………………25
3-3樣品分析之儀器…………………………………………………25
3-4實驗步驟…………………………………………………………25
3-4-1準備工作………………………………………………….25
3-4-2正式實驗………………………………………………….25
第四章 實驗結果與討論………………………………………………27
4-1實驗結果…………………………………………………………27
4-2加鹽蒸餾實驗結果討論…………………………………………27
4-3乙醇-水蒸餾實驗結果討論……………………………………...30
4-4乙醇-水與乙醇-水-醋酸鉀蒸餾實驗結果比較…………………32
4-5高速旋轉填充床之蒸餾操作的改善……………………………32
第五章 結  論…………………………………………………………34
附表……………………………………………………………………..35
附圖……………………………………………………………………..44
參考文獻………………………………………………………………..64
表目錄
Tabe 1. Compared of rotating packed bed and distillation tower………35
Tabe 2. Experimental data of rotating packed bed system used to separate ethanol-water azeotrope-1……………………………………...36
Tabe 3. Experimental data of rotating packed bed system used to separate ethanol-water azeotrope-2……………………………………...39
Tabe 4. Experimental data of rotating packed bed system used to separate ethanol-water azeotrope-3……………………………………...40
Tabe 5. Experimental data of rotating packed bed system used to separate ethanol-water azeotrope-4……………………………………...41
Tabe 6. Experimental data of rotating packed bed system used to separate ethanol-water azeotrope-5……………………………………...43
圖目錄
Figure 1. Sherwood液泛修正圖(Sherwood et al., 1938)………………44
Figure 2. Extractive distillation process………………………………...45
Figure 3. Azeotropic distillation used to separate ethanol and water system……………………………………………………….46
Figure 4. Salt in effect of methanol(1)-ethanol(2) VLE………………...47
Figure 5. Vapor-Liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure for the ethanol (1)- water (2)-potassium acetate system……………48
Figure 6. Process of distillation with salt……………………………….49
Figure 7. Rotating packed bed…………………………………………..50
Figure 8. Three types of liquid flow in the rotating packed bed………..51
Figure 9. Experimental Setup…………………………………………...52
Figure 10. Pseudo-diagram of liquid distribution in rotating packed bed at low liquid quality……………………………………………53
Figure 11. Pseudo-diagram of liquid distribution in rotating packed bed at high liquid quality…………………………………………...53
Figure 12. Effect of rotor speed on the composition of outlet ethanol….54
Figure 13. Effect of volume ratio of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 4.04%………………………………………………..55
Figure 14. Effect of volume ratio of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 6.35%………………………………………………..55
Figure 15. Effect of volume ratio of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 8.48%………………………………………………..56
Figure 16. Effect of volume ratio of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 10.35%………………………………………………56
Figure 17. Effect of volume ratio of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 12.51%………………………………………………57
Figure 18. Effect of volume ratio of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 15.51%………………………………………………57
Figure 19. Effect of mole fraction of potassium acetate on the different volume ratios of vapor to liquid feed……………………...58
Figure 20. Effect of liquid feed composition on different volume ratios of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 8.35%……………59
Figure 21. Effect of liquid feed composition on different volume ratios of vapor to liquid feed at potassium acetate 12.51%…………..60
Figure 22. Effect of purity at potassium acetate 12.51% on the different volume ratios of vapor to liquid feed………………………..61
Figure 23. Effect of purity at potassium acetate 14.48% on the different volume ratios of vapor to liquid feed………………………..62
Figure 24. Effect of liquid feed composition on the composition of vapor product at 5 min………..…………………………………...63

                                

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