測量雷射在充氣毛細管波導中傳播的特性以輔助高階諧波產生

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研究生：	李凱翔 Kai-Xiang Li
論文名稱：	測量雷射在充氣毛細管波導中傳播的特性以輔助高階諧波產生 Diagnosing laser propagation in gas-filled capillary waveguide for high-order harmonic generation
指導教授：	朱旭新 Hsu-hsin Chu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2025
畢業學年度：	113
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	95
中文關鍵詞：	高階諧波產生、毛細管波導、相位匹配、偶級矩相位變化
外文關鍵詞：	High-Harmonic Generation, Gas-filled Capillary Waveguide, Phase Matching, Intrinsic Dipole Phase Variation
相關次數：	點閱：17 下載：0
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利用雷射與氣體之間的交互作用產生高階諧波是一種製造高相干性極紫外光（Extreme-UV）/ X 光的方法，使用充氣毛細管波導為實驗的靶材是一種常見的高階諧波產生方式，其目的是限制驅動脈衝的發散並延長高階諧波產生的作用長度。此外，使用離子作為交互作用的介質，是突破傳統高階諧波輸出截止光子能量的方法。然而，在高游離態條件下要得到高效率的高階諧波輸出，必須達成相位匹配。本論文就是針對充氣毛細管波導中的相位匹配條件做全面的診斷，包含中性氣體色散、幾何色散、電漿色散，與高階諧波內在偶極矩相位變化，達成高階諧波相位匹配條件的完整了解與控制。我們的研究結果有助於推動更短波長、更高效率的高階諧波產生。

The generation of high-order harmonics through the laser-gas interaction is a method for producing coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) / X-rays. Using a gas-filled capillary waveguide as the interaction target is a common approach. The capillary waveguide can suppress the driving laser divergence and thus extend the interaction length. Moreover, utilizing ions as the interaction medium can break through the traditional cutoff photon energy to get a higher-order harmonic output. However, to achieve efficient high-order harmonic generation in a highly ionized medium, phase-matching conditions must be achieved. This thesis provides a comprehensive measurement of the phase-matching conditions in a gas-filled capillary waveguide, taking into account the neutral gas dispersion, geometrical phase shift, plasma dispersion, and the HHG intrinsic dipole phase variation. Our results contribute to the understanding and control of phase matching for high harmonics, advancing the generation of shorter wavelengths and higher efficiency harmonics.

摘要ix
 Abstract xi
誌謝xiii
目錄xv
符號列表xxvii
一、介紹1
1高階諧波產生............................................................ 1
1.1三步驟模型...................................................... 1
2相位匹配條件............................................................ 3
2.1中性氣體色散................................................... 4
2.2電漿色散......................................................... 5
2.3空心毛細管波導色散.......................................... 5
2.4高階諧波內在偶極矩相位變化.............................. 6
3使用充氣毛細管波導產生高階諧波並計算相位匹配條件...... 8
3.1驅動脈衝的能量損耗.......................................... 8
4毛細管波導理論上最佳的光斑大小................................. 10
5毛細管波導內雷射強度的計算方式................................. 11
6毛細管波導理論的衰減係數.......................................... 12
7縱向診斷電漿密度-頻域干涉法...................................... 12
 xv
目錄
二、實驗架設15
1實驗毛細管波導介紹與氣體配置與壓力控制..................... 15
1.1毛細管波導與進氣室.......................................... 15
1.2氣體密度......................................................... 19
2實驗光路介紹............................................................ 20
2.1主光束............................................................ 23
2.2機動式焦點成像系統.......................................... 23
2.3傳繼成像系統................................................... 25
2.4探測光束與頻域干涉儀....................................... 26
2.5 2D-EUV光譜儀................................................ 27
3實驗參數控制............................................................ 28
3.1電控光圈......................................................... 29
3.2雷射脈衝能量................................................... 29
3.3延遲光路......................................................... 29
三、實驗結果31
1主光束與探測光束的診斷結果....................................... 31
1.1主光束的聚焦品質............................................. 31
1.2探測光束的聚焦品質.......................................... 33
2雷射通過毛細管波導後的品質....................................... 36
2.1使用連續波雷射量測最佳光斑匹配大小.................. 36
2.2使用脈衝雷射量測最佳光斑匹配大小..................... 38
3毛細管波導的導引能量損失.......................................... 39
3.1使用連續波雷射量測衰減係數.............................. 40
3.2使用脈衝雷射量測衰減係數................................. 40
3.3主脈衝包圍能量與雷射導引品質的關係.................. 41
4充氣毛細管波導內的雷射電漿交互作用........................... 44
4.1噴氣使否會影響穿透率的量測.............................. 44
 xvi
目錄
4.2受電漿影響的雷射光斑....................................... 45
4.3電漿在毛細波導管中對衰減係數的影響.................. 46
4.4電漿密度分布與衰減係數的關係........................... 48
4.5脈衝時寬對衰減係數的影響................................. 51
4.6第25階高階諧波的相位匹配條件......................... 55
四、總結與未來展望59
1總結與討論............................................................... 59
2未來展望.................................................................. 60
2.1使用內徑為100µm毛細管波導............................ 60
2.2將雷射脈衝時寬壓短.......................................... 60
五、參考文獻61
附錄A光纖耦合63
附錄B產生電漿後的衰減係數計算方式65
附錄C使用LBO晶體做二倍頻(second-harmonic-generation,
 SHG) 67
                                

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