| 研究生: |
林維新 Wei-sin Lin |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
以射頻磁控濺鍍法製備銦鋅氧化物(IZO)透明導電薄膜並探討製程參數對其薄膜之影響 Effects of Control Parameters in RF Magnetron Sputtering Process on Deposited Indium-Zinc Oxide (IZO) Thin Films |
| 指導教授: |
李泉
Chuan Li |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 能源工程研究所 Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering |
| 畢業學年度: | 100 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 63 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 銦鋅氧化物 、透明導電膜 、電漿診斷 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | transparent conducting oxided, plasma diagnostic, IZO |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:15 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
我們利用射頻磁控濺鍍法濺鍍並沉積靶材成分為53 wt.% In2O3及47wt.% ZnO的銦鋅氧化物透明導電薄膜(IZO)。我們將此研究分成三個部分,分別是利用不同射頻功率,不同氬氣流量和不同氧氣流量沉積IZO薄膜。在沉積的過程中,我們同時使用蘭牟爾探針和光發射光譜儀來觀察沉積時的電漿參數,像是電漿中的電子密度、離子密度、電漿電位﹒﹒﹒等參數。另一方面,我們也在沉積IZO薄膜之後,薄膜進行結構、成分和光電性質等分析。最後,我們希望能從電漿診斷和IZO的各種性質中找到關聯性,以利之後能製作出材料性質更佳的IZO透明導電薄膜。
Transparent conducting oxide thin films of indium-zinc oxide (IZO) were deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering using target composed of 53 wt.% In2O3 and 47wt.% ZnO. There are three cases for IZO thin films in this study: (1) IZO films were deposited using various RF power (2) IZO films were deposited using various Ar flow rate (3) IZO films were deposited using various O2 flow rate. Langmuir probe and optical emission spectrometer were used for plasma diagnostics during deposition process. Several parameters such as plasma potential, electron and ion densities were carefully recorded and analyzed. On the other hand, the structure of IZO thin films was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface chemical component analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrical properties were measured by four-point probe and Hall effect with van der Pauw method. The optical properties were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Finally, correlations between process parameters (RF power, Ar flow rate and O2 flow rate) and IZO thin films’ properties were assessed based upon the results from the plasma diagnostics.
[1] K. Badeker, “Concerning the electricity conductibility and the thermoelectric energy of several heavy metal bonds.”, Ann. Phys.(Leipzig), vol.22, pp. 749, 1907.
[2] P. Barquinha, G. Goncalves, L. Pereira, R. Martins, E. Fortunato, “Effect of Annealing Temperature on The Properties of IZO Films and IZO Based Transparent TFTs,” Thin Solid Films 515:8450–8454, 2007.
[3] J-A. Jeong, Y-S. Park, H-K. Kim, “Comparison of Electrical, Optical, Structural, and Interface Properties of IZO-Ag-IZO and IZO-Au-IZO Multilayer Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaics,” J. Appl. Phys. 107:023111, 2010.
[4] H. Cheun, J. Kim, Y. Zhou, Y. Fang, A. Dindar, J. Shim, C. Fuentes-Hernandez, K. H. Sandhage, B. Kippelen, “Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide as the Electron-Collecting Electrode,” Opt. Express 18(104):A506-A512 2010.
[5] C. Guillen, J. Herrero, ”Stability of sputtered ITO thin films to the damp-heat test,” Surface and Coatings Technology,Vol.201, Issues 1-2, 309-312, 2006
[6] J. Olivier , , B. Servet, M. Vergnolle, M. Mosca, G. Garry,” Stability/instability of conductivity and work function changes of ITO thin films, UV-irradiated in air or vacuum: Measurements by the four-probe method and by Kelvin force microscopy,” Synthetic Metals, Vol. 122, Issue 1, 87-89, 2001
[7] H-M Kim, S-K Jung, J-S Ahn, Y-J Kang, K-C Je, “Electrical and optical properties of In2O3-ZnO films deposited on polyethyleneterephthalate substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering,”Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.42(2003) pp.223-227
[8] Kaijou, et al., United State Patent, Patent No. 5972527 1999.
[9] T.Minami, T. Kakumu, S.Takata,”Preparation of transparent and conductive In2O3–ZnO films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering,”J.Vac.Sci.Technol.A 14, 1704(1996)
[10] H. Hiramatsu, W.S. Seo, K. Kumoto,” Electrical and Optical Properties of Radio-Frequency-Sputtered Thin Films of (ZnO)5In2O3,” Chem. Mater. 10 (1998) pp.3033-3039.
[11] Y. Yan, S.J. Pennycook, J. Dai, R.P.H. Chang, A. Wang, T.J. Marks,” Polytypoid structures in annealed In2O3–ZnO films ,“Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 2585(1998).
[12] T. Minami,” Transparent and conductive multicomponent oxide films prepared by magnetron sputtering ,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17,1765 (1999).
[13] T. Minami, T. Miyata, T. Yamamoto,” Stability of transparent conducting oxide films for use at high temperatures,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 ,1822 (1999)
[14] T. Minami, S. Takata, T. Kakumu, H. Sonohara,” New transparent conducting MgIn2O4?Zn2In2O5 thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering,” Thin Solid Films 270:22-26,1995
[15] T.Minami , T.Kakumu, Y.Takeda, and S.Takata,”Preparation of transparent conducting Zn2In2O5 films by d.c. magnetron sputtering,” Thin Solid Films 317:326-329,1998
[16] H. M. Mott-Smith, I. Langmuir,” The Theory of Collectors in Gaseous Discharges,” Phys. Rev. 28:727-763, 1926
[17] J. G. Laframboise,” Theory of Spherical and Cylindrical Langmuir Probes in a Collisionless, Maxwellian Plasma at Rest,”1966
[18] V.A. Godyak, R.B. Piejak and B.M. Alexandrovich, “Measurements of electron energy distribution in low-pressure RF discharge,” Plasma Source Sci. Technol. 1,36,1992
[19] A. Schwabedissen, E. C. Benck and J. R. Roberts, “Langmuire probe measurement in an inductively coupled plasma source,” Phys. Rev. E, 55,3450-3459,1997
[20] J. M. Hendron, C. M. O. Mahony, T. Morrow, W. G. Grahama, “Langmuir Probe Measurements of Plasma Parameters in the Late Stages of a Laser Ablated Plume,” J. Appl. Phys. 81(5): 2131-2134, 1997.
[21] Guowen Ding, John E. Scharer and Kurt L. Kelly, “Effects of rapidly decaying plasmas on Langmuir probe measurements,” J. Appl. Phys. 84(3): 1236-1240, 1998
[22] M. Nisha, K. J. Saji, R. S. Ajimsha, N. V. Joshy, and M. K. Jayaraj, “Characterization of radio frequency plasma using Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy,” J. Appl. Phys., 99, 033304,2006
[23] J. E. Heidenreich III, J. R. Paraszczak, M. Moisan, and G. Suave, “Electrostatic probe analysis of microwave plasmas used for polymer etching,” J. Vac.Sci. Technol. B 5, 347 (1987)
[24] A. Brockhaus, D. Korzec, F. Werner, Y. Yuan, J. Engemann, “Characterization of a microwave plasma by in situ diagnostics,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 74-75, 431-442 (1995)
[25] H. Amemiya, “Measuring Methods of Plasma Parameters by a Differentiating and Modulating Double Probe,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 27, 694(1988)
[26] van der Pauw, L.J.,"A method of measuring specific resistivity and Hall effect of discs of arbitrary shape," Philips Research Reports 13: 1–9.,1958
[27] van der Pauw, L.J.,"A method of measuring the resistivity and Hall coefficient on lamellae of arbitrary shape," Philips Technical Review 20: 220–224,1958
[28] Tauc, J., "Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous Ge and Si,". Materials Research Bulletin 3: 37–46,1968
[29] J, Tauc, R. Grigorovici,” Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium,” A. Vancu, Phys. Status Solidi, 15 (1966) 627-637
[30] Buchholz, D. B.; Liu, J.; Marks, T. J.; Zhang, M.; Chang, R. P. H.,” Control and Characterization of the Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Amorphous Zinc−Indium−Tin Oxide Thin Films," ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2009, 1, 2147-2153
[31] H. Chatei, J. Bougdira, M. Remy, P. Alnot, “Optical emission diagnostics of permanent and pulsed microwave discharges in H2–CH4–N2 for diamond deposition,” Surface and Coatings Technology 116–119 (1999) 1233–1237
[32] J.J. Robbins, R.T. Alexandera, W. Xiaob, T.L. Vincentb, C.A. Woldena ,”An investigation of tin oxide plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using optical emission spectroscopy,” Thin Solid Films 406 (2002) 145–150
[33] S. Ilican, Y. Caglar, M. Caglar, B. Demirci,“Polycrystalline indium-doped ZnO thin films : preparation and characterization,” J. Optoelectron Adv. M.., 10( 10), 2592 – 2598,2008
[34] Anderson Janotti ,Chris G. Van de Walle “Oxygen vacancies in ZnO,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 122102, 2005
[35] N. Ito, Y. Sato, P.K. Song, A. Kaijio, K. Inoue, Y. Shigesato,“Electrical and optical properties of amorphous indium zinc oxide films,” Thin Solid Films 496 (2006) 99 – 103
[36] D. C. Paine, B. Yaglioglu, Z. Beiley, S. Lee “Amorphous IZO-based transparent thin film transistors,” Thin Solid Films 516 (2008) 5894–5898
[37] D.H. Shin, Y.H. Kim, J.W. Han, K.M. Moon, R.I. Murakami, “Effect of process parameters on electrical, optical properties of IZO films produced by inclination opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 19(2009) 997-1000
[38] Y. S. Jung, J. Y. Seo, D. W. Lee, D. Y. Jeon, “Influence of DC magnetron sputtering parameters on the properties of amorphous indium zinc oxide thin film,” Thin Solid Films 445 (2003) 63–71
[39] M. Chen, X. Wang, Y.H. Yu, Z.L. Pei, X.D. Bai, C. Sun, R.F. Huang, L.S. Wen, “X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and auger electron spectroscopy studies of Al-doped ZnO films,” Applied Surface Science 158 (2000) 134–140
[40] J. C. C. Fan, J. B. Goodenough, “X-ray photoemission spectroscopy studies of Sn-doped indium-oxide films,” J. Appl. Phys. 48, 3524 (1977)
[41] S. Major, Satyendra Kumar, M. Bhatnagar, K. L. Chopra,“Effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on transparent conducting oxides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 394 (1986)
[42] Md Nurul Islam, T.B. Ghosh, K.L. Chopra, H.N. Acharya,“XPS and X-ray diffraction studies of aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent conducting films,” Thin Solid Films 280 (1996) 20-25
[43] A. J. Nelson, H. Aharoni, “X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of ion beam sputtered indium tin oxide films as a function of oxygen pressure during deposition,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5, 231 (1987)
[44] S. W. Gaarenstroom, N. Winograd,”Initial and final state effects in the ESCA spectra of cadmium and silver oxides,” J. Chem. Phys. 67, 3500 (1977)
[45] Y. Q. Li, y. Kang, W. J. Ma, H. Q. Wang, J. M. Zhang, “The preparation, electrical and optical properties of indium doped ZnO conductive nanoparticles,” Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials – Rapid Communications 4(2) 2010, p. 211 – 214
[46] M-M Bagheri-Mohagheghi, M Shokooh-Saremi, “The effect of high acceptor dopant concentration of Zn2+ on electrical, optical and structural properties of the In2O3 transparent conducting thin films,” Semicond. Sci. Technol. 18 (2003) 97–103
[47] T. Minami, T. Kakumu, Y. Takeda, S. Takata,“Highly transparent and conductive ZnO-In2O3 thin films prepared by d.c. magnetron sputtering,” Thin Solid Films Vol. 290-291, P 1-5,1996