供應鏈(Supply Chain)的概念導源於「物流」(Logistics)，其主要精神在於整合上、下游通路成員，透過同步化、即時性的規劃，將通路過程中相關活動與成員間的資訊加以串連與流通，讓產銷的供需關係更透明化，使廠商更能根據終端市場與顧客之需求變化，快速整合相關技術與資源，提供適時、適量、適質的實質產品與服務，因此，供應鏈可被視為一種整合型物流。
隨著產業環境變化快速、經濟活動日益複雜，供應鏈管理的概念已從傳統學術領域的技術性研究，轉變為企業在競爭日趨激烈的環境壓力下創造同業間之競爭優勢的一種策略。近年來，已有許多學者致力於各種供應鏈管理與分析網路最佳化(optimization)相關研究，但著眼於探討競爭的供應鏈網路均衡模型之研究卻相當有限。均衡模型之概念是取自於經濟(economics)，本研究利用均衡架構提供一個可作為現存的商品運送模式、存貨決策、與定價參考的基準點，並透過變分不等式模型發展出一個包含製造市場、批發市場、零售市場、與需求市場之競爭的依時性供應鏈網路均衡模型。

Supply chain management has received attention since the early 1980s. Supply chain management and other similar terms, such as network sourcing, supply pipeline management, value chain management, and value stream management have become subjects of increasing interest in recent years, to academics, consultants and business management. The topic of supply chain analysis is interdisciplinary by nature since it involves manufacturing, transportation and logistics, as well as retailing/marketing. It has been the subject of a growing body of literature with the associated research being both conceptual in nature, due to the complexity of the problem and the numerous agents such as manufacturers, wholesalers/warehouses, retailers, and consumers involved in the transactions, as well as analytical.
Many researchers, in addition to, practitioners, have described the various networks that underlie supply chain analysis and management with the goal being primarily that of optimization. In this research, in contrast, we develop an equilibrium model of time-dependent competitive supply chain networks. It can evaluate price, inventories and product flows at the same time. The equilibrium model captures both the independent behavior of the various decision-makers as well as the effect of their interactions. Finally, it provides the foundation for developing dynamic models for the study of the evolution of supply chains.

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