我們利用史隆數位巡天計畫(SDSS)、廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星(WISE)、射電暗
源巡天(FIRST) 以及Swift 的X 射線望遠鏡(XRT) 的資料，調查窄線西佛星系的中紅
外線以及電波輻射之間的關係。我們發現窄線西佛星系的中紅外線跟電波輻射之間有
很好的正比關係。另一方面，我們發現中紅外線輻射跟[O III] 譜線強度之間也呈現良
好的正比關係。接著我們發現中紅外線輻射跟黑洞質量也有正比關係。然而我們發現
中紅外線輻射跟X 射線強度似乎並沒有明顯的關聯性。最後我們使用GALFIT 軟體去
將窄線西佛星系分解成核球、星系盤以及活躍星系核三部分。接著我們發現電波輻射
與星系盤亮度的相關性最佳，這或許是恆星形成活動造成的結果。而另一方面，中紅
外線輻射跟[O III] 譜線強度則是來自於活躍星系核。我們的結果顯示窄線西佛星系中
大部分的中紅外線輻射應該是來自於活躍星系核。

We investigated the relation of mid-infrared (MIR) and radio emission for Narrow-Line
Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies, using the data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS),
the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at
Twenty cm (FIRST), and the Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT). We found that there is a
positive correlation between the 22m MIR (W4) and the 1.4GHz radio (FIRST) emission.
Besides, the correlation exists between the 22m MIR (W4) and the [O III] emission. Next,
we found that the 22m MIR (W4) is correlated with the black hole mass. However, we
could not find significant correlation between the 22m MIR (W4) and the X-ray emission.
Finally, we utilized a two-dimensional decomposition software, “GALFIT”, to decompose
the NLSy1 galaxies into bulge, disk and AGN components. Then, we found that the radio
emission is well correlated with the disk component brightness for the NLSy1, suggesting
that the radio emission might be related to the star formation activity. Nevertheless, the
MIR and the [O III] emission are related to the AGN. Our results suggest that most of
the MIR emission should be from the central AGN.

1. Kellermann, K. I., Sramek, R., Schmidt, M., Shaffer, D. B. & Green, R. VLA observations
of objects in the Palomar Bright Quasar Survey. Astron. J. 98, 1195. issn: 00046256 (1989).
2. Kellermann, K. I., Sramek, R. A., Schmidt, M., Green, R. F. & Shaffer, D. B. The radio
structure of radio loud and radio quiet quasars in the Palomar Bright Quasar Survey.
Astron. J. 108, 1163. issn: 00046256 (1994).
3. Fanaroff, B. L. & Riley, J. M. The Morphology of Extragalactic Radio Sources of High and
Low Luminosity. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 167, 31P–36P. issn: 0035-8711 (1974).
4. Owen, F. N. & Ledlow, M. J. The FRI/Il Break and the Bivariate Luminosity Function
in Abell Clusters of Galaxies. First Stromlo Symp. Phys. Act. Galaxies. ASP Conf. Ser.
167, 31. issn: 1098-6596 (1974).
5. Antonucci, R. Unified Models for Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars. Annu. Rev. Astron.
Astrophys. 31, 473–521. issn: 0066-4146 (1993).
6. Urry, C. M. & Padovani, P. Unified Schmes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei. Astron.
Soc. Pacific 107, 803 (1995).
7. Osterbrock, D. E. & Pogge, R. W. The spectra of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. Astrophys.
J. 297, 166. issn: 0004-637X (1985).
8. Veron-Cetty M, Veron P, G. A. A spectrophotometric atlas of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1
galaxies. Astron. Astrophys. 372, 730. issn: 03796566 (2001).
9. Zhou, H. et al. A Comprehensive Study of 2000 Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. The Sample. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 166, 128. issn:
0067-0049 (2006).
10. Komossa, S. et al. Radio-loud Narrow-Line Type 1 Quasars. Astron. J. 132, 531–545. issn:
0004-6256 (2006).
11. Leighly, K. M. A Comprehensive Spectral and Variability Study of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1
Galaxies Observed by ASCA: II. Spectral Analysis and Correlations. Astrophys. J. Suppl.
Ser. 125, 317. issn: 0067-0049 (1999).
12. Done, C., Davis, S. W., Jin, C., Blaes, O. & Ward, M. Intrinsic disc emission and the soft
X-ray excess in active galactic nuclei. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 420, 1848–1860. issn:
00358711 (2012).
13. Crenshaw, D. M., Kraemer, S. B. & Gabel, J. R. The Host Galaxies of Narrow-Line Seyfert
1 Galaxies: Evidence for Bar-Driven Fueling. Astron. J. 126, 1690. issn: 0004-6256 (2003).
14. Mathur, S. Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and the evolution of galaxies and active galaxies.
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 314, 17. issn: 0035-8711 (2000).
15. Komossa, S. & Xu, D. Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies and the MBH- Relation. Astrophys.
J. 667, 33 (2007).
16. Grier, C. J. et al. A Reverberation Lag for the High-ionization Component of the Broadline
Region in the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Mrk 335. Astrophys. J. 744, 4. issn: 2041-8205
(2012).
17. Grier, C. J. et al. Reverberation Mapping Results for Five Seyfert 1 Galaxies. Astrophys.
J. 755, 60. issn: 0004-637X (2012).
18. Magorrian, J. et al. The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres. Astron.
J. 115, 2285. issn: 00046256 (1998).
19. Gultekin, K. et al. The M-sigma and M-L Relations in Galactic Bulges and Determinations
of their Intrinsic Scatter. Astrophys. J. 698, 198–221. issn: 0004-637X (2009).
20. Bentz, M. C., Peterson, B. M., Pogge, R. W. & Vestergaard, M. The Black Hole Mass-
Bulge Luminosity Relationship for Active Galactic Nuclei From Reverberation Mapping
and Hubble Space Telescope Imaging. Astrophys. J. 694, 166. issn: 0004-637X (2009).
21. McLure, R. J. & Dunlop, J. S. The black-hole masses of Seyfert galaxies and quasars. Mon.
Not. R. Astron. Soc. 327, 199. issn: 0035-8711 (2001).
22. Jiang, Y.-F., Greene, J. E. & Ho, L. C. BLACK HOLE MASS AND BULGE LUMINOSITY
FOR LOW-MASS BLACK HOLES. Astrophys. J. 737, 45. issn: 2041-8205 (2011).
23. Graham, A. W. & Scott, N. the (Black Hole)-Bulge Mass Scaling Relation At Low Masses.
Astrophys. J. 798, 54. issn: 1538-4357 (2015).
24. Wandel, A. Black Holes of Active and Quiescent Galaxies. I. The Black Hole–Bulge Relation
Revisited. Astrophys. J. 565, 762. issn: 0004-637X (2002).
25. Ryan, C. J., De Robertis, M. M., Virani, S., Laor, A. & Dawson, P. C. The Central Engines
of Narrow‐Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies. Astrophys. J. 654, 799. issn: 0004-637X (2007).
26. Mathur, S., Fields, D., Peterson, B. M. & Grupe, D. Supermassive black holes, pseudobulges,
and the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. Astrophys. J. 754, 146 (2012).
27. Franceschini, A., Vercellone, S. & Fabian, A. C. Supermassive Black Holes in Early-Type
Galaxies: Relationship with Radio Emission and Constraints on the Black Hole Mass Function.
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 297, 817 (1998).
28. Dunlop, J. S. et al. Quasars, their host galaxies and their central black holes. Mon. Not.
R. Astron. Soc. 340, 1095. issn: 00358711 (2003).
29. McLure, R. J. & Jarvis, M. J. The relationship between radio luminosity and black hole
mass in optically selected quasars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 353, 45. issn: 00358711
(2004).
30. Bianchi, S., Guainazzi, M., Matt, G., Fonseca Bonilla, N. & Ponti, G. CAIXA: a catalogue
of AGN in the XMM-Newton archive. II. Multiwavelength correlations. Astron. Astrophys.
501, 915. issn: 0004-6361 (2009).
31. Ho, L. C. On the Relationship between Radio Emission and Black Hole Mass in Galactic
Nuclei. Astrophys. J. 564, 120. issn: 0004-637X (2002).
32. Woo, J., Urry, C. M., van der Marel, R. P., Lira, P. & Maza, J. Black Hole Masses and
Host Galaxy Evolution of Radio‐Loud Active Galactic Nuclei. Astrophys. J. 631, 762. issn:
0004-637X (2005).
33. Park, S., Sohn, B. W. & Yi, S. K. The relationship between radio power at 22 and 43 GHz
and black hole properties of AGN in elliptical galaxies. Astron. Astrophys. 560, 80. issn:
0004-6361 (2013).
34. Condon, J. J. Radio emission from normal galaxies. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 30, 575
(1992).
35. Stalevski, M., Fritz, J., Baes, M., Nakos, T. & Popović, L. Č. 3D radiative transfer modelling
of the dusty tori around active galactic nuclei as a clumpy two-phase medium. Mon.
Not. R. Astron. Soc. 420, 2756. issn: 00358711 (2012).
36. Siebenmorgen, R., Heymann, F. & Efstathiou, A. Self-consistent two-phase AGN torus
models. Astron. Astrophys. 583, 120. issn: 0004-6361 (2015).
37. Dicken, D. et al. The Origin of the Infrared Emission in Radio Galaxies. III. Analysis of
3CRR Objects. Astrophys. J. 722, 1333. issn: 0004-637X (2010).
38. Becker, R. H., White, R. L. & Helfand, D. J. The FIRST Survey: Faint Images of the Radio
Sky at Twenty Centimeters. Astrophys. J. 450, 559. issn: 0004-637X (1995).
39. White, R. L., Becker, R. H., Helfand, D. J. & Gregg, M. D. A Catalog of 1.4 GHz Radio
Sources from the FIRST Survey. Astrophys. J. 475, 479. issn: 0004-637X (1997).
40. Wright, E. L. et al. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description
and Initial On-orbit Performance. Astron. J. 140, 1868. issn: 0004-6256 (2010).
41. York, D. G. D. et al. The sloan digital sky survey: Technical summary. Astron. J. 120,
1579. issn: 00046256 (2000).
42. Alam, S., Albareti, F., Allende Prieto, C. & al., E. The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases
of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 219,
12 (2015).
43. Burrows, D. N. et al. The Swift X-ray Telescope. Space Sci. Rev. 120, 165. issn: 0038-6308
(2005).
44. Véron-Cetty, M.-P. & Véron, P. A catalogue of quasars and active nuclei: 13th edition.
Astron. Astrophys. 518, 10. issn: 0004-6361 (2010).
45. Laing, R. A., Riley, J. M. & Longair, M. S. Bright radio sources at 178 MHz: flux densities,
optical identifications and the cosmological evolution of powerful radio galaxies. Mon. Not.
R. Astron. Soc. 204, 151. issn: 0035-8711 (1983).
46. Courteau, S. Deep r-Band Photometry for Northern Spiral Galaxies. Astrophys. J. Suppl.
Ser. 103, 363. issn: 0067-0049 (1996).
47. Coleman, G. D., Wu, C.-C. & Weedman, D. W. Colors and magnitudes predicted for high
redshift galaxies. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 43, 393. issn: 0067-0049 (1980).
48. Polletta, M. et al. Spectral Energy Distributions of Hard X-Ray Selected Active Galactic
Nuclei in the XMM-Newton Medium Deep Survey. Astrophys. J. 663, 81. issn: 0004-637X
(2007).
49. Doi, M. et al. Photometric Response Functions of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imager.
Astron. J. 139, 1628. issn: 0004-6256 (2010).
50. Jarrett, T. H. et al. The Spitzer-WISE Survey of the Ecliptic Poles. Astrophys. J. 735,
112. issn: 0004-637X (2011).
51. Donoso, E., Best, P. N. & Kauffmann, G. Evolution of the radio-loud galaxy population.
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 392, 617. issn: 00358711 (2009).
52. Jester, S. & Schneider, D. The sloan digital sky survey view of the palomar-green bright
quasar survey. Astron. J. 130, 873 (2005).
53. Dickey, J. M. & Lockman, F. J. H I in the Galaxy. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 28, 215.
issn: 0066-4146 (1990).
54. Kaspi, S. et al. Reverberation Measurements for 17 Quasars and the Size‐Mass‐Luminosity
Relations in Active Galactic Nuclei. Astrophys. J. 533, 631. issn: 0004-637X (2000).
55. Peng, C. Y., Ho, L. C., Impey, C. D. & Rix, H.-W. Detailed Structural Decomposition of
Galaxy Images. Astron. J. 124, 266. issn: 00046256 (2002).
56. Omar, L., Aguilar, L. A. & Christopher, A. Musings on ”Densidades, Potenciales y Funciones
Asociadas a una Galaxia Reducida” by Poveda et al. (1960). RevMexAA 39, 100–
108 (2011).
57. J. V. Wall, C. R. J. Practical Statistics for Astronomers (Second Edition) 83 (2012).
58. Appleton, P. N. et al. The Far- and Mid-Infrared/Radio Correlations in the Spitzer Extragalactic
First Look Survey. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 154, 147. issn: 0067-0049 (2004).
59. Kauffmann, G. et al. The host galaxies of active galactic nuclei. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
346, 1055. issn: 00358711 (2003).
60. Jin, C., Ward, M. & Done, C. A combined optical and X-ray study of unobscured type 1
active galactic nuclei - II. Relation between X-ray emission and optical spectra. Mon. Not.
R. Astron. Soc. 422, 3268. issn: 00358711 (2012).
61. Noguchi, K. et al. SCATTERED X-RAYS IN OBSCURED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION.
Astrophys. J. 711, 144. issn: 0004-637X (2010).
62. Berney, S. et al. BAT AGN spectroscopic survey-II. X-ray emission and high-ionization
optical emission lines. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 454, 3622. issn: 13652966 (2015).