Philip Cafaro的環境德行倫理學目標，即是限制消費如何增進我們的生活。若要了解Cafaro環境德行倫理學的價值觀，則我們需要了解他的環境德行與環境惡德的哲學觀點，並且探討其目標如何增進我們的生活。對最後一點本論文採取的方法，即是將Cafaro環境德行倫理學理論用在面對台灣的人口與環境的問題。

依此，本論文一開始先分析台灣的人口與環境的問題，並以空氣汙染、河川汙染和土地過度開發為例。接著探討Cafaro環境惡德觀點的四大指標、環境德行觀點的環境睿智、環境德行目標的限制消費理論，並且對Cafaro上述的環境德行倫理學理論予以反思。

藉由反思其理論，本論文主張，Cafaro的限制消費理論若欲達到增進我們的生活，僅考量限制消費是不夠的，尚需考量到人口問題所帶來的影響。因此，本論文最後以加強人口問題的Cafaro限制消費理論來面對台灣的人口與環境問題，並且依據Cafaro環境德行倫理學的精神，提供我們於台灣教育與法律政策面向的面對之道。

Philip Cafaro's environmental virtue ethic goal is how limit consumption could improve our life. To realize the worldview of Cafaro's environmental virtue ethic, we need to know the philosophical view of his environmental virtues and environmental vices, and how his goal could improve our life. The approach taken in this study is to use his environmental virtue ethic theories to face Taiwan's population and environment issues.

Therefore, this study will first analyze Taiwan's population and environment issues, taking air pollution, river pollution and overdevelopment as examples. Then this study will discuss the majors of environmental vices, environmental wisdom, and the limit consumption theory of Cafaro’s environmental virtue ethic, and then reflect his theories above.

By reflect Cafaro’s theories, this study claims that improving our life is not enough to consider only limit consumption. It is necessary to consider the impact of population. Therefore, at the end of this study will face population and environment issues in Taiwan by strengthening Cafaro’s limit consumption theory, and then provide Taiwan’s education and policies in accordance with the spirit of Cafaro’s environmental virtue ethic.

一、專書著作

余騰耀，2015，《台灣環境品質報告：2015》(台北市：中技社)。

周一夔，1980，《人類環境學》(台北市：黎明文化事業)。

林俊全，2016，《台灣的十大地理議題》(新北市：遠足文化)。

鎮天錫、尹建中，1983，《人口政策的形成與檢討》(台北市：聯經)。

Aldo Leopold(著)，李靜瀅(譯)，2015，《沙郡年紀》(臺北：漫遊者出版)。

Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jorgen Randers(著)，高一中(譯)，2006，《成長的極限：30週年最新增訂版》(臺北：臉譜出版)。

Rachel Carson(著)，黃中憲(譯)，2017，《寂靜的春天》(新北市：野人文化)。

Beebe, William, 1944, The Book of Naturalist, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Holmes III , Rolston, 1988, Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Van Wensveen, L., 2000, Dirty Virtues: The Emergence of Ecological Virtue Ethics, New York: Humanity Books.

二、期刊論文

蕭振邦，2012，〈台灣環境生活品質之幸福指標理念探究：以主觀幸福理論為進路〉，《應用倫理評論》第52期，頁153-171。

葉保強，2012，〈幸福的追尋乃發展之道〉，《應用倫理評論》第52期，頁1-20。

黃藿，2014，〈環境德行倫理的興起與發展〉，《哲學與文化》第41卷7期，新北：輔仁大學文學院，頁5-22。

程進發，2016，〈環境德行倫理學的研究趨勢〉，《應用倫理評論》第60期，頁93-121。

Cafaro, Philip 2010, “Getting to Less,” Ethics, Place and Environment13(1): 11-14.
──, 2001, “The Naturalist’s Virtues,” Philosophy in the Contemporary World 8(2): 85-99.
──, 2001, “Economic Consumption, Pleasure, and the Good Life,” Journal of Social Philosophy 32(4): 471-486.

Chi, Chun-Chieh, 1994, “Growth With Pollution: Unsustainable Development in Taiwan and Its Consequences,” Studies in Comparative International Development 29(2): 23-47.

Dominika Dzwonkowska, 2013, “Virtue and Vice in Environmental Discourse,” Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 11(4): 61-76.

Fraz, Geoffrey B., 2001, “What Is Environmental Virtue Ethics That We Should Be Mindful of It,” Philosophy in the Contemporary World 8(10): 5-14.

Hourdequin, Marion, 2013, “Restoration and History in A Changing World: A Case Study in Ethics for the Anthropocene,” Ethics & The Environment 18(2): 115-134.

Hill, T. E., 1983, “Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments,” Environmental Ethics 5: 211-224.

Holmes III , Rolston, 1988, “Human Values and Natural System,” Society and Natural Resources 1: 269-283.

Lin, Ruey S., et al. 2001, “Role of urbanization and air pollution in adolescent asthma: a mass screening in Taiwan,” Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 100(10): 649-655

Lebreton, Laurent C. M., et al. 2017, “River Plastic Emissions to the World’s Oceans” Nature Communications 8: 15611.

Tsai, Dai-Hua, et al. 2010, “Traffic-related Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Mortality in Central Taiwan,” Science of the Total Environment 408(8): 1818-1823.

Wilcove, David S., et al. 1998, “Quantifying Threats to Imperiled Species: Assessing the Relative Importance of Habitat Destruction, Alien Species, Pollution, Overexploitation, and Disease,” BioScience 48(8)：607-615.

Yang, Chun-Yuh, et al. 2003, “Evidence for Increased Risks of Preterm Delivery in a Population Residing near a Freeway in Taiwan,” Archives of Environmental Health 58(10): 649-654.

三、專書論文

Bartlett, Albert, 2012, “Reflections on Sustainability and Population Growth,” in Life on the Brink: Environmentalists Confront Overpopulation, edited by Philip Cafaro and Eileen Crist (University of Georgia Press), pp. 29-40.

Cafaro, Philip, 2005, “Gluttony, Arrogance, Greed, and Apathy: An Exploration of Environmental Vice,” in Environmental Virtue Ethics, edited by Ronald Sandler and Philip Cafaro (Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield), pp. 135-158.
──, 2005, “Thoreau, Leopold, and Carson: Toward an Environmental Virtue Ethics,” in Environmental Virtue Ethics, edited by Ronald Sandler and Philip Cafaro (Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield), pp. 31-44.
──, 2015, “Environmental Virtue Ethics,” in The Routledge Companion to Virtue Ethics, edited by Lorraine Besser-Jones and Michael Slote (New York: Routledge), pp. 427-444.

Kawall, Jason, 2018, “Environmental Virtue Ethics,” in The Oxford Handbook of Virtue, edited by Nancy E. Snow (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 659-679.

Ryerson, William, 2012, “How Do We Solve the Population Problem,” in Life on the Brink: Environmentalists Confront Overpopulation, edited by Philip Cafaro and Eileen Crist (University of Georgia Press), pp. 240-254.

四、網路資料

Neil M. Ampel, MD, 2010, “Air Pollution and Pneumonia,” NEJM Website, URL = http://www.jwatch.org/id201001130000002/2010/01/13/air-pollution-and-pneumonia(2017/10/11瀏覽).

中華民國內政部營建署，2010，〈本部區域計畫委員會審議「台灣北、中、南、東部區域計畫(第二次通盤檢討)」(草案)之專案小組跨組審查會議議程〉，URL = http://www.cpami.gov.tw/最新消息/業務新訊/36-綜合計畫組/10164-全國區域計畫專區.html(2017/10/08瀏覽)。

中華民國環境保護統計年報，URL = https://www.epa.gov.tw/Page/B84B65A4FDDF5864(2018/08/09瀏覽)。

內政部統計處(內政統計查詢網)，URL = http://statis.moi.gov.tw/micst/stmain.jsp?sys=100(2017/10/08瀏覽)。

王玲珉，2012，〈廢水汙染 桃園藻礁大滅絶〉，環境資訊中心(TEIA)，URL = https://e-info.org.tw/node/75367(2018/09/03瀏覽)。

行政院環境保護署之環境資源資料庫，URL = https://erdb.epa.gov.tw/DataRepository/ReportAndStatistics/StatSceMotors.aspx(2018/08/09瀏覽)。

行政院環境保護署之環境資源資料庫，URL = https://erdb.epa.gov.tw/DataRepository/ReportAndStatistics/RiverAreaPollutionData.aspx(2018/08/09瀏覽)。

地球公民基金會，2012，〈友達、華映毒染霄裡溪 環保署隱匿 3.5萬居民喝13年毒水〉，URL = https://www.cet-taiwan.org/node/1611(2018/09/03瀏覽)。

地球公民基金會，2018，〈東海岸快炒：炒地炒樓炒黃金〉，環境資訊中心(TEIA)，URL = https://e-info.org.tw/node/210226(2018/09/03瀏覽)。

吳治達，〈台灣研究團隊於全球首次證實PM2.5暴露將增加肝細胞癌風險〉，科技部台灣氣候調適科技服務，URL = http://sdl.ae.ntu.edu.tw/TaiCATS/news_detail.php?id=41(2017/10/12瀏覽)。

李光中，2007，〈七星潭適合蓋飯店嗎？〉，環境資訊中心(TEIA)，URL = https://e-info.org.tw/node/22622 (2018/09/07瀏覽)。

林幸助，2017，〈有效保育桃園藻礁生態系的宏觀思維〉，URL = http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2017/10/blog-post.html(2018/09/03瀏覽)。

唐植梅，2018，〈保護7千年藻礁 桃園市府成立在地巡護隊〉，URL = http://www.peoplenews.tw/news/0d1efe40-2056-4208-8e8f-7e23aa398083(2018/09/03瀏覽)。

許政榆，2018，〈重金屬汙染嚴重 南崁溪擴大銅總量管制〉，URL = https://udn.com/news/story/11322/2914549(2018/09/03瀏覽)。

綠色和平(Greenpeace)，2018，〈今天，你距離深澳燃煤電廠幾公里？〉，URL = http://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/zh/news/stories/climate_energy/other_energies/2018/distance-with-ShenAo/ (2018/5/20 瀏覽)。

廖桂賢，2009，〈河川整治上癮症〉，環境資訊中心(TEIA)，URL = http://e-info.org.tw/node/50445(2017/11/04瀏覽)。

廖靜蕙，2014，〈生態空白難填 學者急尋與石虎共存之路〉，環境資訊中心(TEIA)，URL = http://e-info.org.tw/node/104241(2017/11/05瀏覽)。

賴品瑀，2018，〈觀塘退避藻礁求翻案 生態學者提醒 外海填區仍有珊瑚〉，環境資訊中心(TEIA)，URL = https://e-info.org.tw/node/213691(2018/09/03瀏覽)。

羅添斌，2017，〈北部電力供需平衡 最快2025年〉，URL = http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/business/paper/1083381(2018/2/4瀏覽)。

五、學位論文

Hedberg, Trevor Grant, 2017/05, Population, Consumption, and Procreation: Ethical Implications for Humanity's Future, Knoxville: University of Tennessee.