溪床礫石堆積在逕流作用下產生土石流之渠槽實驗

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研究生：	徐羽平 Yu-ping Hsu
論文名稱：	溪床礫石堆積在逕流作用下產生土石流之渠槽實驗 Experimental Study of debris flow induced by runoff at the gravel deposition riverbed
指導教授：	周憲德 Hsien-Ter Chou
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	71
中文關鍵詞：	顆粒流、土石流、速度剖面、潰壩
外文關鍵詞：	Velocity profile, Dam failure, Debris flow, Granular flow
相關次數：	點閱：13 下載：0
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本研究進行之礫石型土石流之渠槽實驗，透過高速攝影機捕捉顆粒運動
之影像，及Matlab 程式進行顆粒流場之分析。
本研究以Voronoi Patterns 方法獲得流場內顆粒之速度向量，藉此分析顆
粒體的速度分佈及流動特性，實驗之特色在於堆積顆粒在上游受水的壓力
與潤滑作用發生群體運動，一直到產生穩定的顆粒流體化狀態的過程中，
在前端顆粒群體與水的混合狀態是不均勻的，且顆粒將集中於前方具有隆
起的前端，前後段的顆粒濃度也不相同，並與現地土石流具有類似之特徵。
在實驗中將改變上游供水速率和渠槽角度，分析上視和側視的速度剖面，
並與前人之實驗與數值結果相比較，顯示此種的顆粒運動接近於Bagnold
流變學的條件，並與礫石型土石流有相同的特性，進而比較水量與土石流
型態的關係。

In this study, we setup a flume experiment to simulate the initiation of stony
debris flow. We use high speed camera to capture the motion of particles, and
Matlab to analyzing the flow field.
We get the velocity vector in the flow field by Voronoi Patterns method. By
the method, we can analyze the velocity distribution and the flow
characteristics. In the experiment, the accumulated particles at upstream are
saturated water reduces the friction resistance, so the particles will move
entirely. The flow process is non-uniform, combining water and particles, in
the snout. The particles accumulated in the snout are not saturated and the
wave front becomes a bulb. The characteristic of bulbous wave is similar with
the field debris flow.
In the experiment, we change either the angle of flume or the flow rate to
analyze the velocity profiles from both top view and side view. Comparing
with the reference, the velocity profile can be described by Bagnold theory, and
then we also show the relationship between peak flow rate of the debris flow
and the type of dams and inflow.

摘 要 .............................................................................................................. i
Abstract ............................................................................................................ ii
誌 謝 ............................................................................................................ iii
目 錄 ............................................................................................................ iv
圖 目 錄 ...................................................................................................... vi
表 目 錄 ...................................................................................................... ix
第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 前言 .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究目的.................................................................................................. 1
1.3 研究方法 .............................................................................................. 2
1.4 研究架構 .................................................................................................. 2
第二章 文獻回顧 ........................................................................................... 5
2.1 土石流相關研究 ...................................................................................... 5
2.2 土石流特性 .............................................................................................. 6
2.3 速度剖面研究 ...................................................................................... 7
2.4 顆粒流理論 ............................................................................................ 12
第三章 實驗佈置及方法 ............................................................................. 16
3.1 實驗渠槽 ................................................................................................ 16
3.2 實驗步驟 ................................................................................................ 17
3.3 顆粒特性 ................................................................................................ 21
3.4 實驗量測設備及方法 ............................................................................. 23
第四章 實驗結果與討論 ............................................................................. 29
4.1 實驗特性 ................................................................................................ 29
4.1.1 顆粒底床特性 ..................................................................................................................29
v
4.1.2 波峰特性..........................................................................................................................30
4.2 坡度與流量影響 ..................................................................................... 35
4.2.1 坡度對波峰高度的影響 ...................................................................................................35
4.2.2 供水流量對波峰高度影響 ...............................................................................................36
4.2.3 顆粒速度與坡度、流量之關係 .......................................................................................38
4.3 速度剖面分析 ......................................................................................... 39
4.3.1 側視速度剖面 ..................................................................................................................39
4.3.2 上視速度剖面 ..................................................................................................................44
4.3 堆積顆粒破壞啟動 ................................................................................. 48
4.3.2 上游堆積顆粒啟動 ..........................................................................................................50
4.4 破壞型態比較 .................................................................................... 52
第五章 結論與建議 ..................................................................................... 54
參考文獻 ......................................................................................................... 56

                                

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