| 研究生: |
邱珮驊 Pei-hua Chiu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
伺服器代工產業因應Buy-Sell模式的衝擊及策略個案研究 A Case Study of Strategy Planning to Buy-Sell Impact for Server OEM/ODM Industry |
| 指導教授: |
沈國基
Gwo-Ji Sheen |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 工業管理研究所在職專班 Executive Master of Industrial Management |
| 畢業學年度: | 99 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 82 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | OEM 、ODM 、伺服器 、Buy-Sell 、五力分析模型 、SWOT 、競爭策略 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | OEM, competition strategy, SWOT, five power analysis model, Buy-Sell, Server, ODM |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:22 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
電子資訊產業自1970年代發展至今,歷經了幾次重大變革,基於「節省人力成本」及「專注核心事業」、「尋求特殊技能」以及「優化資源運用」的原因,企業逐漸朝向委外或專業分工的潮流演進;由於企業專注發展自身的核心能力(Core Competency),將非核心業務外包,因此促成專業代工的興起。(林信亨,民國97年) 我國資訊電子產業根植於60年代外商來台利用廉價組裝勞力的優勢,經歷70年代電視機外銷領軍的家電業,80年代致力於個人電腦為主力的資訊產業,而於初期以代工生產模式開始發展,因而促使我國開始了電子零組件組裝業的發展;此時也是我國資訊硬體產業的興盛時期;到了90年代發展成為橫跨電腦、通訊、消費電子領域的3C 龐大產業(趙郁文,1998)的代工業者;其中主要大量承接美國、歐洲、日本資訊大廠的外包業務,而後逐漸跨足到產品設計與生產管理,即所謂的 OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturing)或 ODM(Own Design/Development and Manufacturing);競爭力與獲利能力亦相對提昇。
毋庸置疑的,台灣的確創造了獨特的對產業影響力的競爭優勢,但在市場逐漸趨於成熟、廠商競爭狀況越演越烈、價格快速下滑情況下,專精於資訊產品代工生產的台灣廠商難以避免的遭受到持續性的利潤被壓縮,亦導致現今我國專業代工廠進入嚴苛的微利時代。孰知除了越來越卑微的利潤的挑戰之外,品牌業者在 OEM 或 ODM 現今的運作模式下,更進一步階段性及策略性的操作零件採購權的回收--即所謂的 Buy-Sell 模式,這是否是壓倒代工業者的生存空間最後一根稻草?究竟Buy-Sell為ODM/OEM產業帶來的衝擊程度是如何?而 ODM、OEM 廠商又該如何面對這樣的挑戰規劃出因應之策略?
本研究將以個案分析的方式,選擇 OEM/ODM 伺服器代工產業中之代表性廠商為個案研究對象,以此公司為範例及基礎,向外涵蓋其所屬之相關伺服器代工產業,研究中的整體競爭策略規劃將以此為核心來發展和建構。本研究以定性﹙Qualitative﹚及架構性的分析描述性研究(Descriptive study)並搭配「SWOT分析」和 Michael Porter的「五力分析」模型為綜合歸納分析的方法,探討個案公司在當今伺服器代工產業的競爭環境及品牌大廠的採購策略下,如何擬定相關的競爭策略以順應現在及未來產業環境的變化。
The information technology (IT) industry has gone through many major changes since it first started to develop in the 1970’s. The concepts of “manpower cost reduction”, “core business concentration”, “specialization”, and “resources maximization” has led to businesses to focus more on outsourcing and providing specialized professional services. The outsourcing industry developed due to businesses concentrating on developing their core competencies and subcontracting their non-core business. The IT industry in Taiwan got its start in the 1960’s by taking advantage of the cheap labor, developed into a major exporter of household appliances in the 70’s, and changed its focus on personal computers in the 80’s. The personal computer industry started by contract manufacture model, and it led to the growth of the electronics component manufacture industry in Taiwan, and the peak of Taiwan’s hardware industry. In the 1990’s, it has developed into a giant manufacture industry across computers, communications, and consumer electronics for customers in the USA, Europe, and Japan. Eventually, the focus shifted to product design and process management, with emphasis on original equipment manufacturing (OEM), and own design/development and manufacturing (ODM) to increase the competitiveness and profitability.
Without a doubt, Taiwan has a competitive advantage and influence among the industry. But in a maturing market with fierce competition and rapidly declining price, Taiwanese companies focusing on contract manufacturing face the inevitable squeeze on their profit margin. This has led to the razor-thin profit margin of the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, in addition to the dwindling profit margin, branded customers have methodically and strategically reclaimed some components’ procurement powers (buy-sell model). Would this be the last straw that pushes the contract manufacturers to the brink of extinction? What is the effect of buy-sell model to the ODM/OEM industry? How should ODM and OEM manufacturers face this challenge and come up with a counter measure?
This study focuses on a case study, concentrating on a leading OEM/ODM manufacturer in the computer server industry. Based on the company, the study further looks at other related computer server manufacturers and the industry to look at the competitive strategies and developments. Using qualitative analysis and structured descriptive study, along with “SWOT analysis” and “Five Power Analysis” to discuss the company’s strategy when faced with competition, changes in procurement strategies from its branded customers, and changes in the trends of the industry.
中文文獻
1. 林信亨,企業流程委外發展趨勢,MIC研究報告,Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute,民國97年。
2. 趙郁文,跨國委託製造對台灣資訊電子廠商營運能力之提升效果,中山管理評論,第六卷第四期,pp.1113~1136,1998。
3. 產業趨勢研究中心,2011年第一季資訊硬體產業回顧與展望,MIC研究報告,民國100年5月。
4. 吳青松,台灣資訊電子業關鍵成功因素之探討,管理科學學報,第十卷第一期,1993。
5. 謝宏仁,超越代工困境:資訊產業之品牌OBM策略引領希望或幻影?,遠東學報第二十五卷第四期,民國97年12月。
6. 施振榮(林文玲 採訪整理),再造宏碁:開創、成長與挑戰,天下文化,2004年。
7. 朱博湧,策略外包的決策意涵,遠見雜誌,第162期,170-1頁,1999年12月。
8. 湯明哲、李吉仁,外包與專業製造廠商-雙贏的策略,遠見雜誌,第90期,頁172-4頁,1999年12月。
9. 陳振祥,ODM策略之理論架構與實證,國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文,1997。
10. 張靜宜,臺灣主機板廠商的業務型態選擇策略—以資源基礎之觀點,國立東華大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文,1999。
11. 經濟部,資訊業電子化AB計畫,經濟部技術處研究分析報告,民國92年。
12. 廖苓卉,專業電子製造廠商營運模式之研究----EMS與ODM廠商之比較,國立台灣大學國際企業學研究所碩士論文,1999。
13. 苗豐強,棋局雙贏 - 苗豐強的全球化策略,天下雜誌出版,2002。
14. 杜念魯,台灣前5大伺服器代工業者,DIGITIMES中文網,新聞稿,2009/09/23。
15. 經建會部門計劃處,台灣經濟論衡,Vol. 8 _No. 7,36-49頁,2010.7。
16. 張進福,雲端運算發展與應用,行政院政務委員簡報資料,民99年11月12日
17. 徐仁全,為何上海市長來台最後行程留給英業達?,遠見雜誌,第287期,170-1頁,2010年5月。
18. 大槻 智洋,臺企戰勝全球代工企業的「勝利方程式」,台灣專稿,技術在線網站,2010.10。
19. 陳信宏,台灣不能自外於跨國企業研發中心移向東亞的浪潮,MIC研究報告,Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute,2004/11。
西文文獻
1. Quinn, J. B., & Hilmer, F. G., “Strategic outsourcing. Sloan Management Review”, 35(4), pp.43-55, 1994.
2. Charles W. L. Hill / Gareth R. Jones, ”Strategic Management Theory” ,sixth edition, 2004.
3. Poter, M.E,” Competitive Strategy-Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors”, Free Press, New York, 1980.
4. Aaker, David A., “Strategic Market Management”, 5th Edition, New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
5. Barney J. B., Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 2002.
6. Vokurka, R. J., Supplier Partnerships: A Case Study, ” Production and Inventory
Management Journal, Vol.8, No.1, pp.30-35, 1998
7. Maloni, M. J. and Benton W. C., “Supply Chain Partnership:Opportunities for Operations Research”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.101,No.3, pp.419-429. 1997.
8. Ganesan, Shankar, “Determinants of Long-Term Orientation in Buyer-Seller Relationships,” Journal of Marketing, April, pp. 1-19. , 1994.