跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 林彥宏
Yen-Hong Lin
論文名稱: 網路口碑對消費者購買決策影響之探討
The Influence of e-WOM on Consumer Purchase Decision
指導教授: 蔡明宏
Tsai, Ming-Hung
李小梅
Li, Shau-Mei
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 企業管理學系
Department of Business Administration
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 88
中文關鍵詞: 知覺風險資訊搜尋聯繫強度口碑網路口碑
外文關鍵詞: Word-of-Mouth, e-WOM, information search, tie strength, perceived risk
相關次數: 點閱:11下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 口碑資訊於消費者購買決策的制定上常佔有舉足輕重的影
    響力,不僅常被視為是最重要的資訊來源,且較其他資訊
    來源具有更強的說服力。然而,網際網路的出現與發展,
    不僅顛覆了過去的傳統商業經營模式,也使得消費者搜尋
    產品相關資訊的方法發生改變,且對於影響消費者購買決
    策深遠的口碑溝通也提供一種全新的途徑。在傳統口碑文
    獻中,一些變數如口碑資訊搜尋程度、訊息來源的相似性
    、聯繫強度、知覺風險與產品的偏好異質性,對於口碑說
    服效果的影響已被大多數的研究所證實,但在網際網路的
    背景之下,其間關係仍有待進一步釐清與驗證。
    因此,本研究以Bansal & Voyer(2000)所提出的傳統口
    碑程序模型為基礎,將其延伸至網際網路的背景之下,探
    討非人際關係力量(接收者的專業程度、接收者的知覺風
    險、傳遞者的專業程度)、人際關係力量(傳遞者與接收
    者間的聯繫強度、接收者的網路口碑搜尋程度),以及人
    際關係力量與非人際關係力量間的互動效果,對網路口碑
    接收者購買決策的影響。
    本研究以網際網路使用者為研究對象,同時透過實體問卷
    與網路問卷的方式進行,共回收235份問卷,而有效問卷
    計有187 份。於模型驗證部份,本研究係以LISREL來分析
    其路徑關係並進行模型配適度的檢驗,得到的實證結果如
    下:
    1.網路口碑搜尋程度對於網路口碑說服效果具有正向的影
    響效果。
    2.網路口碑傳遞者與接收者間的聯繫強度對於網路口碑說
    服效果具有正向的影響,但對於網路口碑搜尋程度並無顯
    著的影響。
    3.傳遞者專業程度對於網路口碑說服效果存在顯著的正向
    影響效果,且會透過網路口碑搜尋程度間接影響網路口碑
    的說服效果。
    4.接收者專業程度對於網路口碑搜尋程度、知覺風險與網
    路口碑說服效果皆具有負向的影響,且會透過會透過網路
    口碑搜尋程度間接影響網路口碑的說服效果。


    第壹章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 2 第三節 研究流程 3 第貳章 文獻探討 4 第一節 口碑 4 第二節 網路口碑 15 第三節 資訊搜尋 20 第四節 知覺風險 25 第五節 專業程度與聯繫強度 31 第參章 研究方法 37 第一節 研究架構 37 第二節 研究假設 38 第三節 變數定義與衡量 42 第四節 研究設計 45 第五節 研究前測 47 第肆章 資料分析與結果 49 第一節 樣本結構分析 49 第二節 信度與效度分析 51 第三節 線性結構方程式 54 第伍章 結論與建議 66 第一節 研究結論 66 第二節 管理意涵 69 第三節 研究限制與未來建議 71 參考文獻 74 附錄一:研究問卷 85

    一、 中文文獻
    1. 王遵智(2004),「網路口碑中個人專業與關係強度對購買決策的影響—以電子郵件為例」,國立台灣科技大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文。
    2. 王憙萱(2003),「口碑訊息對於消費者購買決策影響之探討—以藥局通路中嬰幼兒奶粉為例」,國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。
    3. 李文伶(2003),「網路口碑之影響因素研究」,元智大學管理研究所碩士論文。
    4. 汪志堅(1999),「產品知識、搜尋價值對網際網路資訊搜尋量影響之研究」,國立中興大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
    5. 邱建智(2003),「負面口碑訊息對於消費者購買決策影響之探討」,國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。
    6. 邱皓政(2004),「結構方程模式」,雙葉書廊。
    7. 留淑芳(2003),「網路口耳相傳訊息特性及接受者行為特質對態度形成之影響」,國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
    8. 翁銘瑄(2004),「口碑訊息內容與呈現順序對消費者產品態度影響之研究」,國立台灣科技大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文。
    9. 陳思懿(2004),「網路口碑來源可靠度對訊息信任之影響」,國立台灣科技大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文。
    10. 陳順宇(2000),「多變量分析」,第二版,台北:華泰。
    11. 黃俊英(1994),「多變量分析」,中國經濟研究所,台北。
    12. 鄭佩玲(2001),「口耳相傳效果對消費者態度形成之影響—以網路留言板為例」,國立政治大學國際貿易學系研究所碩士論文。
    13. 羅怡君(2002),「資訊時代的口耳相傳論意見領袖之質變」,國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。
    二、 英文文獻
    1. Ahluwalia, R. & Gurhan-Canli, Z.(2000), “The Effects of Extensions on
    the Family Brand Name : An Accessibility-Diagnosticity”, Journal of
    Consumer Research, 27, pp. 371-381.
    2. Alba, J. W. & Hutchinson, J. W.(1987), ”Dimensions of Consumer
    Expertise”, Journal of Consumer Research, 13, pp. 411-454.
    3. Anderson, Eugene W.(1998), ”Customer Satisfaction and Word of
    Mouth”, Journal of service Research, Vol. 1(August), pp.5-17.
    4. Arndt, Johan(1967), ”Role of Product-Related Conversations in the
    Diffusion of a New Product”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 4,
    pp.291-295.
    5. Arndt, Johan(1967),Word of Mouth Advertising:A Review of the
    Literature, New York:Advertising Research Federation.
    6. Arndt, Johan(1968), ”Selective Process in Word-of-Mouth”, Journal of
    Advertising Research, Vol. 8, pp.19-22.
    7. Baba Shiv, Julie A. Edell & John W. Payne(1997), “Factors Affecting the
    Impact of Negatively and Positively Framed Ad Messages”, Journal of
    Consumer Research, 24, 3, pp. 285-294.
    8. Bagozzi, R. P. & Y. Yi(1988), ”On the Evaluation of Structural Equation
    Models”, Academic of Marketing Science, 16, 1, pp. 74-94.
    9. Bansal, Harvir S., Peter A. Voyer(2000), ”Word-of-Mouth Process Within
    a Service Purchase Decision Context”, Journal of Service Research, Vol.
    3, No. 2, pp.166-177.
    10. Bauer, R. A.(1960), “Consumer behavior as risk taking”, in R. S.
    Hancock (Ed.), Dynamic Marketing for a Changing World, Proceedings of
    the 43rd Conference of the American Marketing Association, pp.
    389-398.
    11. Bayus, Barry(1985), “Word of Mouth:The Indirect Effects of marketing
    Efforts”, Journal of Marketing Research, 12(February), pp. 12-18.
    12. Beatty, S. & Smith, S.(1987), “External Search Effort: An Investigation
    Across Several Product Categories”, Journal of Consumer Research,
    Vol.14, pp. 411-454.
    13. Beatty, Sharon E., Lynn R. Kahle & Pamela Homer(1998), “The
    Involvement-Commitment Model:Theory and Implications”, Journal of
    Business Research, 16(2), pp. 149-167.
    14. Beltramini, R.F.(1989), “Professional service referrals:a model of
    information acquisition”, Journal of services Marketing, 3, pp. 35-43.
    15. Bentler, P. M.(1990), ”Comparative Fit Indices in Structural Models”,
    Psychological Bulletin, 107, pp. 238-246.
    16. Bettman, James R.(1973), “Perceived risk and its components: a model
    and empirical test”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.10, Iss.2, pp.
    184-190.
    17. Bickart B. & Schindler, R.M.(2001), “Internet Forums as Influential
    Sources of Consumer Information”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15
    (3), pp. 31-40.
    18. Biehal, G. & Chakravarti, D.(1986), “Consumers’ use of memory and
    external information in choice:Macro and micro perspectives”, Journal of
    Consumer Research, 12, pp. 382-405.
    19. Bloch, P. H. & Richins, M. L.(1982), “A theoretical model for the study of
    product importance perception”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 47,
    pp. 69-81.
    20. Blodgett, J. G., D. H. Granbois & R. G. Walters(1993), “The Effects of
    Perceived Justice on Complaints’ Negative Word-of-Mouth Behavior and
    Repatronage Intention,”Journal of Retailing, Vol. 69 ( Winter ) , pp.
    339-428.
    21. Bone, P. F. (1995), “Word-of-Mouth Effects on Short-Term and Long-Term
    Product Judgment”, Journal of Business Research, 32, pp. 213-223.
    22. Bowman, D. & Narayands, D.(2001), ”Managing Customer-Initiated
    Contacts with Manufacturers : The Impact on Share of Category
    Requirements and Word-of Mouth Behavior”, Journal of Marketing
    Research, 38, pp. 281-297.
    23. Bristor, J. M. ( 1990 ) , “Enhanced explanations of word of mouth
    communications:The power of relationships”, Research in Consumer
    Behavior, 4, pp. 51-83.
    24. Brown, J. J. & Reingen, P. H.(1987), ”Social Ties and Word-of-Mouth
    Referral Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 14(December),
    pp. 350-362.
    25. Browne, M. W. & R. Cudeck(1993), ”Alternative Ways of Assessing
    Model Fit”, in Testing Structural Equation Models, K. A. bollen and J. S.
    Long, eds. Newbury Park, CA, Sage.
    26. Burnkrant, R. E.(1982), “Influence of other people on consumer
    attributions toward brand and person”, Journal of Business Research, 10,
    pp. 319-338.
    27. Burzynski, M. H. & Bayer, D. J.(1977), ”The Effect of Positive and
    Negative Prior Information on Motion Picture Appreciation”, Journal of
    Social Psychology, 101, pp. 215-218.
    28. Buttle FA.(1998), “Word-of-Mouth:Understanding and Managing
    Referral Marketing”, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 6, pp. 241-254.
    29. Carman, James(1990), ”Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality:An
    Assemssment of SERVQUAL Dimensions”, Journal of Retailing, 66, pp.
    33-55.
    30. Chatura Ranaweera & Jaideep Prabhu ( 2003 ) , “On the relative
    importance of customer satisfaction and trust as determinants of
    customer retention and positive word of mouth”, Journal of Targeting,
    Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, Vol. 12, pp. 82-90.
    31. Chrlstine T. E., Ashish K. B. J. & Derek Li(2000), “Managing word of
    mouth communication : empirical evidence from India”, International
    Journal of bank Marketing, pp. 75-83.
    32. Cox, D. F.(1962), The Measurement of Information Value:A study in
    Consumer Decision-making, In Proceedings of the American Marketing
    Association. ED. William Decker. Chicago: American Marketing
    Association, pp. 413-421.
    33. Cox, D. F.(1967), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer
    Behavior, Boston: Harvard University Press.
    34. Cunningham, S. M.(1967),“The major dimension of perceived risk, in
    Donald F. Cox(ED.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer
    Behavior , Boston: Harvard University Press, pp. 82-108.
    35. Dholakia, R. R. & Brian Sternthal(1977), ”Highly Credible Source:
    Persuasive Facilitator or Persuasive Liabilities?”, Journal of Consumer
    Research, 3(March), pp.223-32.
    36. Diane Halstead(2002), “Negative word of mouth:Substitute for or
    supplement to consumer complaints ? ”, Journal of Consumer
    satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 15, pp. 1-12.
    37. Dichter, E.(1966), ”How Word-of-Mouth Advertising Works”, Harvard
    Business Review, Novermber-December, pp. 147-166.
    38. Douglas Bowman & Das Narayandas ( 2001 ) , “Managing
    Customer-Initiated Contacts with Manufacturers:The Impact on Share of
    Category Requirements and Word-of-Mouth Behavior”, Journal of
    Marketing Research, 38, 3, pp. 281-297.
    39. Dowling, G. R. & Staelin, Richard(1994), “A model of perceived risk and
    intended risk-handling activity”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 21,
    Iss.1, pp. 119-133.
    40. Dubinsky, A. J. (1994), ”What marketers can learn from the tin man”,
    Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 36-44.
    41. Duhan, D. F., S. D. Johnson, J. B. Wilcox & G. D. Harrell(1997), ”
    Influences on Consumer Use of Word-of-Mouth Recommendation
    Sources”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 25, No. 4,
    pp. 283-295.
    42. Eagly, Alice H. & Shelly Chaiken(1995), “Attitude Strength, Attitude
    structure, and Resistance to change”, in Attitude Strength :Antecedents
    and Consequences, Richard E. Petty and Jon A. Krosnick, eds. Mahwah,
    NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 269-322.
    43. Ellison, G. & Fudenberg, D.(1995), ”Word-of-Mouth Communication and
    Social Learning”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp. 93-125.
    44. Engel, J. F. & R. D. Blackwell(1982), Consumer Behavior, New York,
    Dryden Press.
    45. Engel, J. E., Kegerreis, R.J. & Blackwell, R. D.(1969), “Word-of-Mouth
    communication by the innovator”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 33, pp.
    15-19.
    46. Erichson, E. & Yancey, W. ( 1980 ) , “Class, Sector and Income
    Determination”, Unpublished Paper, Department of Sociology, Temple
    University.
    47. Ettenson, R. & Turner, K. (1997), ”An exploratory investigation of
    consumer decision making for selected professional and nonprofessional
    services”, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 91-104.
    48. Farley, J. V.(1964), “Bradn Loyalty and the Economics of Information”,
    Journal of Business, Vol. 37, pp. 370-381.
    49. Feick, L. F. & Price, L. L.(1987), ”The Market Maven:A Diffuser of
    Marketplace Information”, Journal of Marketing, 51, pp. 83-97.
    50. File, K. M., Cermak, D. S. P. & Prince, R. A.(1994), “Word-of-mouth
    effects in professional services buyer behavior”, Service Industries
    Journal, 14, pp. 301-314.
    51. Fiske, susan T.(1980), “Attention and Weight in Person Perception:The
    Impact of Negative and Extreme Behavior”, Journal of Personality and
    Social Psychology, 38(6), pp. 889-906.
    52. Frenzen, J. & Nakamoto, K. (1993), ”Structure, Cooperation and the Flow
    of Market Information”, Journal of Consumer Research, 20, pp. 360-375.
    53. Friedkin, N. E.(1980), “A Test of Structural Features of Granovetter’s
    Strength of Weak Ties Theory”, Social Networks, pp. 22-41.
    54. Garner, S. J. (1986), “Perceived risk and information sources in service
    purchasing”, The Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business, Vol.24, Iss.1, pp.
    5-15.
    55. Garretson, J. A., Clow, K. E.(1999), “The influence of coupon face value
    on service quality expectations, risk perceptions and purchase intentions
    in the dental industry”, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 13, Iss.1, pp.
    59-72.
    56. Gilly, Mary C., John L. Graham, Mary Finley Wolfinbarger, & Laural J.
    Yale(1998), ”A Dyadic Study of Interpersonal Information Search”,
    Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26, pp.83-100.
    57. Granovetter, M. S.(1973), ”The Strength of Weak Ties”, American
    Journal of Sociology, 78, pp. 1360-1380.
    58. Gremler, D. D., Gwinner, K. P. & Brown, S. W.(2001), “Generating
    positive word-of-mouth communication through customer-employee
    relationships”, International Journal of Service Industry management, vol.
    12, No.1, pp. 41-59.
    59. Hair, J. F., Rolph, E. A., Ronald, L. T. & William, C. B.(1995), Multivariate
    Data Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall.
    60. Haywood, K.M.(1989), “Managing word of mouth communications”, The
    Journal of services Marketing, vol.3, No. 2, pp. 55-67.
    61. Herr, Frank Kardes, & John Kim(1991), “Effect of Word-of-Mouth and
    Product-Attribute Information on Persuasion:an Accessibility-Diagnostic
    Perspective,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 17, pp.454-462.
    62. Higie, R. A., Feick, L. F. & Price, L. L.(1987), ”Types and Amount of
    Word-of-Mouth Communications About Retailers”, Journal of Retailing,
    63, pp. 260-278.
    63. Ho, Simon S M & Ng, Victor T. F.(1994), “Customers'' risk perceptions of
    electronic payment systems“, International Journal of Bank Marketing,
    Vol.12, Iss.8, pp. 26-38.
    64. Hoch, S. J. & Deighton, J.(1989), “Managing what consumers learn from
    experience”, Journal of Marketing, 53, pp. 1-20.
    65. Holmes, J. H. & Lett, J. D. (1977), “Product sampling and word of mouth”,
    Journal of Advertising, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 35-40.
    66. Homer, Pamela & Rajeev Batra ( 1994 ) , “Attitudinal Effects of
    Character-Based Versus Competence-Based Negative Political
    Communication”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 3(2), pp. 163-185.
    67. Jacob Goldenberg, Barak Libai & Eitan Muller(2001), “Talk of the
    Network : A Complex systems Look at the Underlying Process of
    Word-of-Mouth”, Marketing Letters, 12, 3, pp.211-223.
    68. Jacoby, J., Chestnut, R. W. & Fisher, W. A. (1978), ”A Behavioral Process
    Approach to Information Acquisition in Nondurable Purchasing”, Journal
    of Marketing Research, 15, pp. 532-544.
    69. Jacoby, Jacob & Kaplan, L. B.(1972), “The Components of Perceived
    Risk”, Proceedings of 3rd Annual Conference, Association for Consumer
    Research, pp. 382-393.
    70. Jochen Wirtz & Patricia Chew(2002), “The effects of incentives, deal
    proneness, satisfaction and tie strength on word-of-mouth behaviour”,
    International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13, 2, pp.
    141-161.
    71. Joreskog, K. G. & Sorbom(1993), ”Product Familiarity and Learning New
    Information”, Journal of Consumer Research, 11, pp. 542-550.
    72. Jyh-Shen Chiou & Cathy Cheng(2003), “Should a company have boards
    on its Web sites?”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Summer 2003, pp.
    50-61.
    73. Kiechker, P. & Hartman, C.L.(1993), ”Predicting buyers’ selection of
    interpersonal sources:the role of strong tie and weak ties“, in Allen, C.T.
    and John, D. R.(Eds), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 21,
    Association for Consumer Research, Provo, UT, pp. 464-469.
    74. Kiel, G. C. & Layton, R. A.(1981), “Dimensions of consumer information
    seeking behavior”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, pp. 233-239.
    75. Laczniak, R. N., DeCarlo, T. E. & Ramasmami, S. N.(2001) , ”
    Consumers’ Responses to Negative Word-of-Mouth Communication:An
    Attribution Theory Perspective”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 11,
    pp. 57-73.
    76. Lanzetta, T. & V. Kanareff(1962), “Information Cost, Amount of Payoff
    and Level of Aspiration As Determinants of Information Seeking in
    Decision Making”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 9, pp. 53-73.
    77. Lau. G. T. & Ng. S.(2001), ”Individual and Situational Factors Influencing
    Negative Word-of-Mouth Behavior”, Canadian Journal Administrative, 18,
    pp. 163-178.
    78. Leigh, T. W. & A. J. Rethans(1984), “A Script-theoretic Analysis of
    Industrial Purchasing Behavior”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 48, pp.22-32.
    79. Leonard-Barton, D.(1985), “Experts as negative opinion leaders in the
    diffusion of a technological innovation”, Journal of Consumer Research,
    11, pp. 914-927.
    80. Lynch, J. R. & T. K. Srull(1982), “Memory and Attentional Factors in
    Consumer Choice : Concepts and Research Methods”, Journal of
    Consumer Research, Vol. 9, pp. 18-37.
    81. Maheswaran, Durairaj & Joan Meyers-Levy(1990), “The Influence of
    Message Framing and Issue Involvement”, Journal of marketing
    Research, 27(August), pp. 361-367.
    82. Mangold, W. G., Miller, f. & Brockway, G. R.(1999), “Word-of-mouth
    communication in the service market place”, The Journal of Services
    Marketing, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 73-89.
    83. Marc G. Weinberger & Elzieta Lepkowska-White(2000), “The Influence
    of Negative Information on Purchase Behaviour”, Journal of Marketing
    Management, 16, pp. 465-482.
    84. Marsden, P. & Campbell, K. E.(1984), “Measuring Tie Strength”, Social
    Forces, 63, pp. 482-501.
    85. Marsden, P.(1990), ”Network Data and Measurement”, Annual Review
    of Sociology, 16, pp. 435-463.
    86. Mattila, A. S. & Wirtz, J.(2002), “The Impact of Knowledge type on the
    consumer search services”, International Journal of Service Industry
    Management, Vol. 13 No.3, pp. 214-230.
    87. Mazis, M. B., R. Staelin, H. Beales & S. Salop(1981), “A Framework for
    Evaluation Consumer Information Regulation”, Journal of Marketing, Vol.
    45, pp.11-21.
    88. McWilliam, G. ( 2000 ) , “Building Stronger Brands Through Online
    Communities”, Sloan Management Review, 41(Spring), pp. 43-54.
    89. Mishra, Sanjay, U. N. Umesh, & Donald E. Stem Jr(1993), “Antecedents
    of the Attraction Effect:An Information-Process,”Journal of Marketing
    Research, Vol. 30, pp.331-349.
    90. Mitchell, Vincent Wayne(1992), “Understanding consumers’ behavior:
    can perceived risk theory help? ”, Management Decision, Vol.3o, Iss.3,
    pp. 26-31.
    91. Mitra, K., Reiss, M. C. & Capella, L. M.(1999), “An examination of
    perceived risk, information search and behavioral intentions in search,
    experience and credence services”, Journal of Service Marketing, Vol.13,
    Iss.3, pp. 208-228.
    92. Mizerski, R. W. (1982),”An Attribution Explanation of the Disproportionate
    Influence of Unfovorable Information”, Journal of Consumer Research, 9,
    pp. 301-310.
    93. Money, R. B., Gilly, M. C. , & Graharm J. L.(1998), “Explorations if
    National Culture and Word-of-Mouth Referral Behavior in the Purchase of
    industrial Services in the United States and Japan,”Journal of Marketing
    Research, Vol. 62(October), pp. 76-87.
    94. Murray, K. B.(1991), “A Test of Service Marketing Theory: Consumer
    Information Acquisition Activities”, Journal of Marketing, Vol.55, pp.10-25.
    95. Myers, J. H. & Robertson, T. S.(1972), “Dimensions of opinion
    leadership”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 55, pp. 10-25.
    96. Naylor, Gillian & Susan Bardi Kleiser(2000), “Negative versus Positive
    Word-of-Mouth : An Exception to the Rule”, Journal of Consumer
    Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 13, pp. 26-36.
    97. Niraj Dawar & Madan M. Pillutla(2000), “Impact of Product-Harm Crises
    on Brand Equity:The Moderating Role of Consumer Expectations”,
    Journal of Marketing Research, 37, 2, pp. 215-226.
    98. Perry, M. & Hamm, B. C.(1969), “Canonical analysis of relations
    between socioeconomic risk and personal influence in purchase
    decisions”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.6, Iss.3, pp. 351-354.
    99. Peter, J. P. & Tarpey, L. X.(1975), “A comparative analysis of three
    consumer decision strategies”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.2,
    Iss.1, pp. 29-37.
    100. Rajdeep Grewal, T. W. C. & Anthony Davies(2003), “Early-Entrant
    Advantage, Word-of-Mouth Communication, Brand Similarity, and the
    Consumer Decision-Making Process”, Journal of Consumer Psychology,
    13(3), pp. 187-197.
    101. Rhine, R. J. & Severance, L. J.(1970), ”Ego-Involvement, Discrepancy,
    Source Credibility and Attitude change”, Journal of Personality and Social
    Psychology, 16, pp. 175-190.
    102. Richins, M. L. & Root-Shaffer, T.(1988), “The Role of Involvement and
    Opinion Leadership in Consumer Word-of-Mouth:An Implicit Model
    Made Explicit”, Advances in Consumer Research, 15, pp. 32-36.
    103. Richins, M. L. ( 1983 ) , “Negative word-of-mouth by dissatisfied
    customers:a pilot study”, Journal of consumer Research, Vol. 10, pp.
    73-82.
    104. Rohini Ahluwalia, H. Rao Unnava & Robert E. Burnkrant(2001), “The
    Moderating Role of commitment on the Spillover Effect of Marketing
    Communications”, Journal of Marketing Research, 38, 4, pp. 458-470.
    105. Rohini Ahluwalia, Robert E. Burnkrant & H. Rao Unnava(2000),
    “Consumer Response to Negative Publicity:The Moderating Role of
    Commitment”,Journal of Marketing Research, May, 37, 2, pp. 203-214.
    106. Roselius, Ted(1971), “Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods”,
    Journal of Marketing, Vol.35, Iss.1, pp. 56-61.
    107. Russell N. Laczniak, Thomas E. DeCarlo & Sridhar N. Ramaswami
    ( 2001 ) , “Consumers’ Responses to Negative Word-of-Mouth
    Communication : An Attribution Theory Perspective”, Journal of
    Consumer Psychology, 11(1), pp. 57-73.
    108. Schmidt, J. B. & R. A. Spreng(1996), “A Proposed Model of External
    Consumer Information Search”, Journal of Academy of Marketing
    Science, Vol. 24, No.3, pp. 246-256.
    109. Sheth, J. N.(1971), “Word-of-Mouth in low-risk innovations”, Journal of
    Advertising Research, 11, pp. 15-18.
    110. Silverman G. ( 1997 ) , “How to Hamess the Awesome Power of
    Word-of-Mouth”, Direct Marketing, November, pp. 32-37.
    111. Singh, Jagdip ( 1990 ) , “Voice, Exit and Negative Word-of-Mouth
    Behavior:An Investigation Across Three Service Categories”, Journal of
    the Academy of marketing Science, 18(1), pp.1-15.
    112. Solomon, M. R. (1997), Consumer Behavior, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle
    River, NJ.
    113. Srinivasan, N. & Ratchford, B.(1991), “An Empirical Test of A Model of
    External Search for Automobiles”, Journal of Consumer Research,
    Vol.18, pp. 233-242.
    114. Stigler, G. S.(1961), “The Economics of Information”, Journal of Political
    Economy, 69, pp. 213-225.
    115. Still, Richard R., James H. Barnes Jr., & Mark E. Kooyman(1984), ”
    Word-of-Mouth Communication in Low-Risk Product Decision”,
    International Journal of Advertising, 3, pp.335-45.
    116. Stone, R. N. & Gronhaug, K. ( 1993 ) , “Perceived risk : further
    considerations for the marketing discipline”, European Journal of
    Marketing, Vol. 27, Iss.3, pp. 39-50.
    117. Sundaram, D. S., Mitra, K. & Webster, C.(1998), “Word-of-Mouth
    Communications : A Motivational Analysis”, Advances in Consumer
    Research, 25, pp. 527-531.
    118. Sylvain Senecal & Jacques Nantel(2004), “The influence of online
    product recommendations on consumers’ online choices”, Journal of
    Retailing, pp. 156-169.
    119. Tan, Soo Jiuan(1999), "Strategies for reducing consumers'' risk aversion
    in internet shopping", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 16, Iss.2, pp.
    163-178.
    120. Thorelli, Hans B.(1971), “Concentration of Information Power among
    Consumers”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 8, pp. 427-432.
    121. Thorsten Henning-Thurau, Kevin P. Gwinner, Gianfranco Walsh &
    Dwayne d. Gremler ( 2004 ) , “Electronic word-of-mouth via
    consumer-opinion platforms:what motivates consumers to articulate
    themselves on the internet?”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 18,
    No. 1, pp. 38-52.
    122. Tim Christiansen & Stephen S. Tax(2000), “Measuring word of mouth:
    the questions of who and when ? ”, Journal of Marketing
    Communications, pp. 185-199.
    123. Udell, J. G.(1966), “Prepurchase Behavior of Buyers of Small Electrical
    Appliance”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 30, pp. 50-52.
    124. Weinberger, Marc(1986), “Products as Target of Negative Information :
    Some Recent Findings”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 20, No. 3/4,
    pp. 110-128.
    125. Weinberger, Marc, Romeo, Jean & Piracha, Azhar(1991), “Negative
    product Safety News:Coverage, Responses, and Effects”, Business
    Horizons, Vol. 34, No.3, pp. 23-32.
    126. Wellman, B.(1992), “Which Types of Ties and Networks Provide What
    Kinds of Social Support”, Advances in Group Processes, 9, pp. 207-235.
    127. Westbrook, R. A. ( 1987 ) , “Product/Consumption-Based Affective
    Responses and Postpurchase Processes”, Journal of Marketing
    Research, Vol. 24, pp. 258-27.
    128. Wilson T. D.(1998), “Weak Ties, Strong Ties:Network Principles in
    Mexican Migration”, Human Organization, 57(4), pp. 394-403.
    129. Wilson, Elizabeth J. & Sherrell, Daniel L.(1993), “Source effects in
    communication and persuasion research:A meta-analysis of effect size”,
    Academy of Marketing Science Journal , Greenvale(spring), Vol. 21, Iss.
    2, pp. 101-113.
    130. Woodside, A. G. & Davenport, W.(1974), ”The effect of salesman
    Similarity and Expertise on Consumer Purchaing Behavior”, Journal of
    Marketing Research, 11, pp. 198-202.
    131. Yale, L. J. & Gilly, M. C.(1995), ”Dyadic Perceptions in Personal Source
    Information Search”, Journal of Business Research, 32, pp. 225-237.

    QR CODE
    :::