人類追求經濟發展以提升生活品質，同時卻造成了環境上的污染。在這兩難的課題下，我們試著在不改變自身快樂程度之下來找出兩者之間的平衡點。
本研究使用2004-2010年台灣社會變遷基本調查中的受訪者快樂指數和社經特徵，以及環保署在各地設立的空氣品質測站所監測到的空氣污染物和氣候特徵，然後利用受訪者戶籍郵遞區號和受訪日去合併兩種資料。最後採用Levinson(2012)的實證方法和Ordered Probit Model去估計台灣民眾的快樂指數。
實證結果發現，受訪者社經特徵和當日氣候都會對快樂指數有顯著的影響。受訪者所得會顯著正向影響快樂指數，而空氣污染物會負面影響快樂指數但在統計上不顯著。根據這兩者間的抵換關係，我們推導出所得和空氣污染之間的平均邊際替代率進而得出公共財空氣品質的願付價格。結論為每天台灣民眾願意支出1,154元來換取環境中空氣污染物懸浮微粒濃度一個標準差的改善。

The Human Pursuit of economic development to improve the quality of life,and cause environmental pollution at the same time. In this dilemma, we tried to maintain the level of happiness and to found a balance between this two.
This study used the level of respondents happiness and socioeconomic characteristics from Taiwan Social Change Survey in 2004-2010 , as well as the pollutants and climatic characteristics from EPA air quality monitoring stations,and then we used registration date and zip code to merge this two data.Finally, we followed Levinson(2012) empirical methods and used Ordered Probit Model to estimate the level of Taiwan people's level of happiness.
The empirical results showed that respondents socioeconomic characteristics and daily weather had a significant impact on the level of happiness .The respondents income had a significant positive effect on the level of happinese , while the air pollutants had a negative effect on the level of happiness but statistically not significant. According to the trade-off relationship between this two, we derived the average marginal rate of substitution between income and air pollution,that is, the willingness to pay of air quality.Conclusion suggested people in Taiwan willing to spend 1,154 dollars per day in exchange for one standard deviation improvement of particulates concentration in airborne.

一. 文獻部分
1. Alesina, Alberto, Rafael Di Tella, and Robert MacCulloch. 2004. “ Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different ? ” Journal of Public Economics, 88(9–10): 2009–2042.
2. Becchetti, Leonardo, Stefano Castrioto, and Londono Bedoya David Andres. 2007. “Climate,Happiness and the Kyoto Protocol: Someone Does not Like it Hot” Tor Vergata University Working Paper No. 247.
3. Blanchflower, David and Andrew Oswald. 2000. “ Well being over time in Britain and the U.S.” NBER Working Paper 7487.
4. Di Tella, Rafael, Robert MacCulloch and Andrew Oswald. 2001. “ Preferences over Inflation and Unemployment: Evidence from Surveys of Happiness” American Economic Review 91(1): 335-341.
6. Di Tella, Rafael and Robert MacCulloch. 2006. “ Gross National Happiness as an Answer to the Easterlin Paradox ?” Journal of Development Economics 86(1): 22-42.
7. Easterlin, R. 1974. “ Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence.” In Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honour of Moses Abramovitz, ed. P.A. David and M.W. Reder, 89–125. New York: Academic Press.
8. Finkelstein, Amy, Erzo F.P. Luttmer, and Matthew J. Notowidigdo. 2008. “ What Good is Wealth without Health? The Effect of Health on the Marginal Utility of Consumption.” NBER Working Paper 14089.
9. Frey, Bruno, Simon Luechinger, and Alois Stutzer. 2009. “ The Life Satisfaction Approach to Valuing Public Goods: The Case of Terrorism.” Public Choice, 138(3–4): 317–345.
10. Frey, B.S., S. Luechinger and A. Stutzer, (2010) ” The life satisfaction approach to environmental valuation,” Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, 2(1), 139-160.
11. Kahneman, Daniel. 2000. “ Experienced Utility and Objective Happiness: A Moment-Based Approach.” In Choices, Values and Frames, ed. D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, 673–692.New York: Cambridge University Press.
12. Liao, Pei-shan. 2009. “Parallels between objective indicators and subjective perceptions of quality of life: A study of metropolitan and county areas in Taiwan,” Social Indicators Research, 91(1), 99-114.
13. Levinson, Arik . 2012. “ Valuing Public Goods Using Happiness Data: The Case of Air Quality,” Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(9), pages 869-880.
14. Lu, L. 1995. “ The relationship between subjective well-being and psychosocial variables in Taiwan. ” Journal of Social Psychology. 135, 351-357.
15. Lu, L. 1999. “ Personal and environmental causes of happiness: A longitudinal analysis. ” Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 79-90.
16. Luechinger, Simon. 2009. “ Valuing Air Quality Using the Life Satisfaction Approach ” Economic Journal, 119, C34-C45.
17. Luechinger, Simon and Paul A. Raschky. 2009. “ Valuing Flood Disasters Using the Life Satisfaction Approach ” Journal of Public Economics, 93, 620-633.
18. MacKerron, G. and S. Mourato. 2009. “ Life satisfaction and air quality in London. ” Ecological Economics, 68, 1441-1453.
19. Maddison, David and Kartin Rehdanz. 2011. “The impact of climate on life satisfaction,” Ecological Economics, 70, 2437-2445.
20. Ng, Yew-Kwang. 1997. “ A Case for Happiness, Cardinalism, and Interpersonal Comparability.” The Economic Journal, 107(445): 1848–1858.
21. Shaw, Daigee, Yih-Ming Lin, and Pei-Shan Liao. 2012. “Environmental quality and happiness: Subjective vs. objective measures of environmental quality,” paper presented at 環境：台灣社會變遷基本調查第十七次研討會, 中央研究院: 中央研究院社會學研究所, 2012-02-24.
22. Tsou, Meng-Wen and Jin-Tan Liu. 2001). “Happiness and Life Satisfaction in Taiwan,” Journal of Happiness Studies (Econlit) 2, 2001, 269-288.
23. Van Praag, Bernard M.S., and Barbara E. Baarsma. 2005. “ Using Happiness Surveys to Value Intangibles: The Case of Airport Noise.” The Economic Journal, 115(500): 224–246.
24. Weinhold, Diana. 2008. “ How Big a Problem Is Noise Pollution? A Brief Happiness Analysis by a Perturbable Economist.” LSE Working Paper.
25. Welsch, Heinz. 2002. “ Preferences over Prosperity and Pollution: Environmental Valuation based on Happiness Surveys.” Kyklos 55: 473-494.
26. Welsch, Heinz. 2006. “ Environment and Happiness: Valuation of Air Pollution Using Life Satisfaction Data.” Ecological Economics, 58: 801–813.
二. 網頁部份
1. 行政院環保署－空氣品質監測網 http://taqm.epa.gov.tw/taqm/zh-tw/default.aspx
2. 台灣社會變遷基本調查-中央研究院調查研究專題中心-學術調查研究資料庫
https://srda.sinica.edu.tw/group/scigview/1/2
3. 朱淑娟網誌 環境報導-環保署今發布 PM2.5納入空氣品質標準
http://shuchuan7.blogspot.tw/2012/05/pm25.html