大型電力變壓器之靜動態分析及安全評估｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	徐永清 Xiu-Yuon Qien
論文名稱：	大型電力變壓器之靜動態分析及安全評估
指導教授：	潘敏俊 Min-Chun Pan
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
畢業學年度：	89
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	92
中文關鍵詞：	變壓器、套管、壓力容器、抭震、有限元素
外文關鍵詞：	Transformer, Bushing, Pressure vessel
相關次數：	點閱：8 下載：0
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在921大地震發生後，造成全台大停電，引起國人對大型電器設備耐震能力及靜動態安全性的關心。本文旨在以有限元素法來分析大型變壓器本體之靜態負荷能力及變壓器的結構耐震強度。變壓器本體內裝絕緣油，於其靜態負荷能力分析中，使用薄殼元素來作結構模擬，並輔以壓力容器應變量測實驗之佐證；在耐震之動態分析中，考慮分析之完整性，使用3D的模型來作地震的模擬分析。
大型電力變壓器之本體在注入絕緣油前，要先把空氣抽出，使得內壓低於外界大氣壓力15 psi，且變壓器的本體為一薄板箱體，故於靜態分析中，補強肋加強方式對整個變壓器本體的真空強度有重要的影響，在數值分析結果與實驗結果的比對上，是以縮小模型的實驗來做比對。在耐震強度分析方面，首先進行模態分析，獲得結構物的振動模態及共振頻率，了解結構物之相關振動特性後，並根據耐震規範JEC183，輸入一設計地震波激振，評估其安全性。
在靜態特性方面之數值分析顯示，變壓器本體原結構設計之強度已達安全標準；而在安全的原則下，繼續進行結構輕量化之設計修改，可使變壓器本體減重12%。此外，原設計的變壓器耐震分析無法通過JEC183的規範，經過適當設計修改後，可有效地將變壓器套管結構共振頻率提高55%，並達到規範的要求。
大型電力變壓器之造價高昂，且其損壞對民生及工業電力供應影響甚大；本研究已對大型電力變壓器結構強度及耐震分析等安全評估之相關工作建立一通用模式，期使能確立此等大型結構件之設計準則。

摘要 --------------------------------------------------------I
誌謝 -------------------------------------------------------II
目錄 ------------------------------------------------------III
圖目錄 -----------------------------------------------------VI
表目錄 ------------------------------------------------------X
一、緒論 ----------------------------------------------------1
1.1 研究動機與背景 ------------------------------------------1
1.2 研究方法回顧 --------------------------------------------2
1.3 本文研究範疇 --------------------------------------------5
二、理論基礎 ------------------------------------------------7
2.1 壓力容器分析 --------------------------------------------7
2.2 銲接結構之強度 -----------------------------------------10
2.3 應變規原理 ---------------------------------------------13
2.4 振動分析 -----------------------------------------------17
2.5 ANSYS®數值分析理論 ------------------------------------19
2.5.1 靜態分析 ---------------------------------------------19
2.5.2 模態分析 ---------------------------------------------21
2.5.3 暫態分析 ---------------------------------------------22
三、靜態分析 -----------------------------------------------26
3.1 壓力容器應變場量測實驗 ---------------------------------26
3.1.1 不具加強肋之實驗規劃 ------------------------------26
3.1.2 具加強肋之實驗規劃 --------------------------------29
3.1.3 實驗步驟 ------------------------------------------33
3.2 壓力容器應變分布量測實驗結果 ---------------------------33
3.2.1未具加強肋應變測結果 ----------------------------------33
3.2.2具加強肋應變量測結果 ----------------------------------34
3.3 數值分析 ---------------------------------------------35
3.3.1 不具加強肋壓力容器應變分析比對 ----------------------36
3.3.2 具加強肋壓力容器應變分析比對 ------------------------39
3.3.3 345kV變壓器之本體結構強度分析 -----------------------42
四、動態分析 -----------------------------------------------44
4.1 集中質法量動態分析 ------------------------------------44
4.2 3D實體動態分析 ----------------------------------------49
4.2.1 建立分析模型 -----------------------------------------50
4.2.2 模態分析 ---------------------------------------------53
4.2.3 共振分析 ---------------------------------------------55
五、設計修改 -----------------------------------------------58
5.1 變壓器本體結構輕局部量化設計----------------------------58
5.1.1 設計變數 ------------------------------------------58
5.1.2 安全評估 ------------------------------------------62
5.2 變壓器套管與套管座自然頻率提升設計 ---------------------67
5.2.1 修改參數 ------------------------------------------68
5.2.2 設計修改之模態分析 ----------------------------------74
5.2.3 設設修改之外力激振分析 ------------------------------76
5.3 設計修改總結 -------------------------------------------80
六、結論與建議 ---------------------------------------------81
附錄 1 材料拉伸試驗 ----------------------------------------83
附錄 2 集中質量法與實體之力矩差異 --------------------------86
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