風車尾流效應之實驗研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	江培宏 Pei-huhg Chiang
論文名稱：	風車尾流效應之實驗研究 Experimental Study of the Wind Turbine Wake
指導教授：	朱佳仁 Chia-Ren Chu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	102
中文關鍵詞：	渦流逸散、尾流、風洞實驗、風車
外文關鍵詞：	wind turbine, vortex shedding, wake flow, wind tunnel experiment
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本研究以風洞實驗的方式研究垂直軸式和水平軸式風車的特性，研究內容可分成兩個部份：第一部分探討垂直軸式風車在穩態風場、陣風風場與柵網紊流三種不同的來流風場中的發電情形，研究結果顯示：垂直軸式風車於陣風風場及柵網紊流風場中發電量與穩態風場中相近，故紊流強度的變化對於垂直軸式風車的發電量並沒有顯著的影響。第二部份則在穩態風場及柵網紊流中量測下水平軸式風車的尾流流速剖面，發現量測得之尾流風速在各下游距離皆呈現自我相似的特性，但穩態風場和柵網紊流的風車尾流會有所不同，並找出風車尾流的流速剖面公式。最後利用風車尾流的流速頻譜研究風車後方的渦流逸散現象，發現渦流逸散頻率的史徹荷數為0.2。

This experimental study used a large-scale atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel to investigate the characteristics of horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbines. The first part, the output powers of vertical axis wind turbine in three different approaching flows, namely, steady flow, periodically gusty flow and grid-generated turbulent flow are measured and the results are almost the same. The second part, the velocity distribution behind a horizontal axis turbine in steady flow and grid-generated turbulent flows are measured. The experimental results demonstrate the turbine wake show the self-similar behavior and can be predicted by equations. Lastly, the velocity spectra of turbines wakes are used to examine the vortex shedding of turbine and the Strouhal number is 0.2.

摘要.....................................................................................................I
目錄..................................................................................................III
圖目錄...............................................................................................VI
表目錄................................................................................................X
符號表...............................................................................................XI
第一章 緒 論.....................................................................................1
1 前言.......................................................................................................1
2 台灣地區風力發電現況.......................................................................1
3 研就動機...............................................................................................2
4 研究內容及大綱...................................................................................3
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧..........................................................6
1 剪力流...................................................................................................6
2 尾流.......................................................................................................6
2.1 自我相似流速.............................................................................7
2.2 風車之尾流.................................................................................8
3 風場特性...............................................................................................8
3.1 陣風風場....................................................................................9
3.2柵網紊流風場............................................................................10
4 傅立葉(Fourier)頻譜分析..................................................................10
5 前人文獻回顧.....................................................................................11
第三章 實驗設備與方法................................................................21
1 實驗設備.............................................................................................21
1.1 大型環境風洞與陣風產生器..................................................21
1.2 柵網........................................................................................23
1.3 風速量測設備........................................................................24
1.4 風力發電系統........................................................................26
1.5 訊號擷取設備及方法............................................................29
1.6 轉速計....................................................................................29
2 實驗方法與步驟...............................................................................30
2.1 垂直軸式風車於各風場下發電情形. ..................................30
2.2 風車尾流速度量測. ..............................................................30
2.3 風車於尾流風場下發電情形. ..............................................31
2.4 風車後方渦流逸散現象之史徹荷數. ...................................31
3 實驗數據採樣技巧. .........................................................................31
3.1 雜訊處理. ...............................................................................31
3.2 採樣時距. ...............................................................................32
3.3 量測時間. .................................................................................32
4 資料分析方法. ..................................................................................33
4.1 頻譜分析. ................................................................................33
第四章 結果與討論. ..................................................................................56
1 垂直軸式風車發電量……. ...............................................................56
1.1 風場特性...................................................................................56
1.2 穩態風場下發電情形. .............................................................57
1.3 陣風風場下發電情形. .............................................................59
1.4 柵網紊流風場下發電情形. .....................................................60
2 水平軸式風車的尾流. .......................................................................60
2.1 穩態流及柵網紊流下之風車尾流. .........................................60
2.2 尾流速度剖面……... ...............................................................62
2.3 渦流逸散現象. .........................................................................63
3 尾流風場下風車發電情形. ...............................................................64
第五章 結論與建議. ......................................................................98
1 結論.....................................................................................................98
2 建議.....................................................................................................99
參考文獻.........................................................................................100

                                

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