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研究生: 陳頴樟
Ying-Chang Chen
論文名稱: 線性階層頻率調變的發射與接收器實現
Transmitter and Receiver Implementation of Linear Step Frequency Modulation
指導教授: 陳逸民
Yih-Min Chen
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 光機電工程研究所
Graduate Institute of Opto-mechatronics Engineering
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 66
中文關鍵詞: Chirp 信號頻率調變無線通訊
外文關鍵詞: Chirp Signal, Frequency Modulation, Wireless Communication
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  • 本論文在介紹有關Chirp 線性調頻脈衝,因為線性調頻脈衝信號具有
    的各種優點,很適合無線的通訊環境,在有限的發送功率下,要送到更遠
    的地方,需要較大的頻寬, Chirp Signal 有良好的自相關特性,可以有效降低都普勒效應的影響,所以將線性調變(LFM)實現在硬體上,並與二位元頻率偏移調變(BFSK)的效能做分析與探討。
    此外,在平台使用了FPGA 實驗版上做硬體模擬實現,傳送頻帶為
    􀀀2MHz  2MHz ,取樣頻率8MHz ,為了降低實現的複雜度,所以本文
    也會提到如何將線性頻率調變設計成線性階層頻率調變(LSFM),對這兩種調變的成本與效能做詳細的分析與比較,最後介紹解調的原理以及硬體實現的架構, 以加入AWGN 的干擾下,呈現的解調性能做分析。


    This thesis presents the chirp communications. Because chirp signal has var-
    ious merits which are suitable for wireless communications environment.It can be
    transmitted at a greater distance without the need to increase the power of trans-
    mitter.Whether it uses the bandwidth much greater than the bandwidth of the data.
    For the Doppler shift, chirp signal has the merit to combat Doppler shift because
    of the characteristic of its good auto correlation function.We achieved the LFM on the hardware, and compared the ecacy with BFSK.
    Otherwise, we used the FPGA to simulate the hardware. The transmission bandwidth is 􀀀2MHz  2MHz, and the sampling frequency is 8MHz. This thesis will show that how to transform the LFM into the LSFM, because of reducing the
    complexity. Compared with these two modulation ways for their ecacy. At last, we will introduce the principle and the hardware diagram. Analysis the modulation ecacy with AWGN.

    中文摘要.............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... ii 謝誌...................................................................................................................... iii 目錄...................................................................................................................... v 圖目錄.................................................................................................................. vii 表目錄.................................................................................................................. ix 一、緒論.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究動機與背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 章節簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 二、線性頻率調變簡介...................................................................................... 3 2.1 數位訊號調變技術. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.1 振幅移鍵控調變. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.2 相位移鍵控調變. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.3 頻率移鍵控調變. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 為什麼使用Chirp communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.1 戶外傳播. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.2 室內高速通訊傳輸. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.3 精準的測距. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.4 都卜勒效應頻移免役與緩和多路徑衰減. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.5 展頻. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.6 多重存取. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 LSFM 的使用. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 v 三、LSFM 規格介紹與軟體模擬....................................................................... 8 3.1 發射端模擬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2 接收端模擬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 LFM 的調變波型與匹配濾波器結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3.1 調變波型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3.2 匹配濾波器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.4 LFM 與LSFM 效能比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.5 接收端同步模擬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 四、線性階層頻率調變發射硬體實現.............................................................. 21 4.1 發射機調變規格. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.2 軟硬體模擬開發環境. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.3 線性階層頻率調變發射機系統架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.3.1 座標軸數位旋轉計算器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.3.2 發射器設計介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4 硬體與軟體模擬比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 五、線性階層頻率調變接收硬體實現.............................................................. 26 5.1 線性階層頻率調變器接收機系統架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2 Up & Down Matched Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2.1 LFM 的Mached Filter 之FIR 硬體架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2.2 LSFM的Mached Filter之IIR硬體架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.2.3 將Up 與Down Matched Filter 合併. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2.4 輪流使用Up/Down Matched Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.3 同步與CFO修正模組. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.4 量化規格與解調效能驗證. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5.4.1 發射端的量化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5.4.2 接收端匹配濾波器的係數量化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.4.3 同步與CFO 修正器規格. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 六、結論.............................................................................................................. 51

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