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研究生： 蕭奕弘
Yi-Hon Hsiao
論文名稱： 精準預測快速區塊比對法於多幅視訊壓縮系統
Fast Multi-frame Block Matching Motion Estimation with Precise Prediction in Video Compression System
指導教授： 張寶基
Pao-Chi Chang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 資訊電機學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 110
中文關鍵詞： H.264視訊編碼標準 、快速移動向量預估演算法 、多幅移動向量預估 、遠程記憶移動向量預估 、非整數像素快速演搜尋演算法
外文關鍵詞： H.264 Video Coding, Fast Motion Estimation, Mult
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    • 移動預估在視訊壓縮編碼上一直扮演著重要的角色，其最主要的目的，是利用畫面間的相關性，來移除多餘的資料量，以達到壓縮目的。因此移動預估演算法的好壞，對整個視訊壓縮品質有極大的影響。
    過去的移動向量預估僅僅考慮前一個延遲時間的畫面，而多幅移動向量預估則允許使用不同數目的參考畫面。多幅移動向量預估系統同時在編碼端及解碼端儲存之前數張的影像，能夠更有效率的對影像進行編碼。在新一代的視訊標準H.264中，允許五張的參考影像，有效的降低位元率，並提高編碼效能。然而，電腦運算量卻也同時劇烈的上升。單幅移動向量預估領域已經累積了為數可觀的研究與討論，我們從過去的論文可以知道好的初始值將可以改善快速演算法的收斂速度，獲得更好的運算效能。我們所提出的方法乃是針對多幅移動向量預估的特性，發展出更精確的向量預測，以提供更佳的初始值。此外，針對四分之一像素的模型分析，我們也加以發展適當的快速搜尋演算法。

    Motion estimation plays an extremely important role in the video coding. The objective of the motion estimation is to remove the temporal redundancy between video frames so that the motion compensated frames can be coded efficiently.
    Multi-frame motion-compensated prediction extends the spatial displacement vector utilized in blocking-based hybrid video coding by a variable frame reference permitting the use of more frames than the previously decoded one for motion-compensated prediction. The multi-frame buffer stores frames at encoder and decoder that efficient for motion-compensated prediction. The use of multiple frames for motion compensation in most cases provides significantly improved coding gain. The multiple reference picture selection in H.264 allows the encoder store up to five previous frames for motion estimation. However, the complexity will increase five times dramatically. Numerous fast search algorithms in single-frame motion estimation are proposed in the past. As we know, a good initial point can speed up the velocity of fast search algorithm. Our proposed algorithm is focus on multi-frame condition, and provides more precisely prediction as initial point.

    第一章 緒論 1 1.1簡介 1 1.2動機與目的 2 1.3論文架構 3 第二章 視訊壓縮標準簡介 4 2.1資料壓縮簡介 4 2.2 H. 263視訊壓縮標準 5 2.2.1資料編碼器 5 2.2.2圖像格式與多工編碼器 9 2.2.3四種選擇性編碼模式 10 2.2.4編碼壓縮流程 13 2.3 H.264視訊壓縮標準簡介 16 2.3.1整體壓縮效能改進情形 16 2.3.2 H.264架構介紹 18 第三章快速移動向量預估演算法回顧 29 3.1導論 29 3.2無失真快速演算法 32 3.2.1連續消除演算法 32 3.2.2多階層連續消除演算法 35 3.3 失真簡化搜尋位置演算法 36 3.3.1概述 36 3.3.2三步搜尋演算法 37 3.3.2 新三步搜尋演算法 38 3.3.3 SES 搜尋演算法 40 3.3.4 四步搜尋演算法 42 3.3.5 區塊梯度搜尋演算法 44 3.3.6 鑽石搜尋演算法 45 3.3.7 基因搜尋演算法 47 3.4 快速演算法之初始值 51 3.5結論 52 第四章 快速多幅移動向量預估搜尋法 53 4.1 多幅移動向量預估簡介 53 4.1.1 多幅移動向量預估理論基礎 53 4.1.2 RD模型 56 4.2多幅移動向量預估之分析 57 4.2.1 移動向量的分佈 57 4.2.2 多幅向量之中央偏差特性 59 4.2.3 向量分佈的比例特性 62 4.2.4 更精準的向量預測 64 4.2.5 多幅空間零向量逼近 76 4.2.6 四分之一像素搜尋 81 4.2.7 調適性移動向量預估 86 4.3 多幅區塊比對快速演算法架構 89 4.3.1 整數像素移動向量預估 89 4.3.2 四分之一像素移動向量預估 90 第五章 實驗結果分析與討論 93 5.1測試與使用之視訊樣本 93 5.2 快速多幅區塊比對法之實驗結果 94 5.2.1 不同預測法搭配快速演算法之實驗結果 95 5.2.2多幅空間零向量預測法之實驗結果 98 5.2.3四分之一像素搜尋法之實驗結果 99 5.2.4多幅快速搜尋演算法之實驗結果 101 第六章 結論與未來展望 106 參考文獻 107

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