應用認知工程配置延展式供應鍊—以半導體產業為例

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研究生：	許皓程 Hao-Cheng Hsu
論文名稱：	應用認知工程配置延展式供應鍊—以半導體產業為例 A Cognitive Engineering Approach to Configuring the Extended Supply Chain- An Implementation in the Semiconductor Industry
指導教授：	高信培 Hsing-Pei Kao
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	管理學院 - 工業管理研究所 Graduate Institute of Industrial Management
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	93
中文關鍵詞：	系統動態學、決策階梯、抽象化階層、認知工作分析、延展式供應鍊、可靠的、可控的
外文關鍵詞：	CWA, Extended supply chain, Controllable, Multilevel Flow Model, Reliable, Decision Ladder, System Dynamic, Abstraction Hierarchy
相關次數：	點閱：6 下載：0
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延展式供應鍊成員間的「資訊分享」是一項重要的課題，當吾人談論至此時，每一位成員需使用相同的「語言」。而在此之前，其必須先對於整個系統有著相同方式的認知。我們將會採用Cognitive Work Analysis（CWA）之前兩個階段-- Work Domain Analysis與Control Task Analysis—以達到此一目標。之後，我們將著重在「供應鍊配置」此一主要問題上。
我們視延展式供應鍊為單一系統，我們試著發展一個方法論，能夠確保這樣的系統運作是可信賴及可控制的，然而當系統越趨複雜，越難以認知、了解隱藏於系統的知識與資訊處理的過程，所以我們應用了CWA中的Abstraction Hierarchy (AH) 與Decision Ladder (DL)以挖掘其中的知識與與資訊處理過程，當延展式供應鍊之組成改變時，應用系統動態學探討整個延展式供應鍊之長期因果關係，MFM用於系統之短期監控。藉由組合此四項方法，我們嘗試發展一項包含三層檢驗門檻之方法，其可用於檢驗當外在環境改變時（例如，供應商之選擇、顧客偏好、產品選擇），整個供應鍊是否為可運作；是否可信賴；以及其是否可控制。

“Information sharing” between the members of Extended Supply Chain is an important issue. When we talk about it, each member must use the same “language”. Before that, they should cognize the whole system with the same way first. We will apply the first two phases of the CWA (Cognitive Work Analysis) -- Work Domain Analysis and Control Task Analysis -- to achieve this objective. Then, we will focus the main issue on "supply chain configuration".
We look the extended supply chain as a system, and try to develop a methodology, which make this system to be reliable and controllable. It’s difficult to understand and recognize the states of knowledge and the information processes of a system when the system is getting to complexity. Because of this reason, we use the methodologies, AH & DL, which extensively implemented in computer-based work in complex socio-technical system to grub the knowledge and the information processes in the system. Apply system dynamics (SD) to investigate the long-term causality of the ESC when the constitution of ESC changes. The MFM is used for short-term monitoring. By combining the four methods, we try to develop an approach which could provide the three levels of threshold to examine that if the supply chain is workable, reliable, and controllable when the environment of the supply chain changes (e.g., vendor choice, customer preferences, product choice).

Table of Content
Table of Content	iii
List of Figures	v
List of Tables	vii
Chapter I Introduction	1
1.1 Motivation	1
1.2 Background Overview	1
1.3 Research Objectives	3
1.4 Thesis Structure	3
Chapter II Literature Review	5
2.1 Extended Supply Chain	5
2.2 Information Sharing	7
2.2.1 Three Information Sharing Levels	7
2.2.2 Models of Information Sharing	9
2.2.3 Benefit of Information Sharing	10
2.3 Cognitive Work Analysis and Long-term Causality	10
2.3.1 Work Domain Analysis	11
2.3.2 Control Task Analysis	12
2.3.3 The Long-term Causality	13
2.4 Supply Chain Reference-Model	16
2.4.1 Introduction of Supply-Chain Operations Reference-model (SCOR)	16
2.4.2 Scope	16
2.4.3 SCOR-model Structure	18
2.5 Supply Chain Configuration	21
2.5.1 The Overview of Supply Chain Configuration	21
2.5.2 Approaches of Supply configuration	23
Chapter III Modeling Framework	27
3.1 Abstract Hierarchy and Decision Ladder	27
3.1.1 Introduction of Abstract Hierarchy and Decision Ladder	27
3.1.2 Apply AH and DL in Supply Chain	32
3.2 System Dynamics	42
3.2.1 Introduction of the System Dynamics	42
3.2.2 Main Implement Fields of SD	46
3.2.3 SD in Supply Chain based on AH & DL	47
3.3 Multilevel Flow Model (MFM)	48
3.3.1 Introduction of the Multilevel Flow Model	48
3.3.2 Main Implement Fields of MFM	53
3.3.3 Apply MFM in Supply Chain	56
3.4 Implication for Supply Chain Configuration	58
3.4.1 Relationship between the Methodologies	58
Chapter IV Development of the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain	60
4.1 Introduction of the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain	60
4.1.1 The Importance of the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain	60
4.1.2 The development history of the IC Industry	60
4.1.3 The Complete IC industry in Taiwan	62
4.1.4 The reason for adopting the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain as the research subjects	62
4.2 Case Description	63
4.2.1 The process of IC Production	63
4.2.2 Environmental Description	64
4.3 The Model of the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain based on AH and DL	65
4.3.1 AH model of the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain	65
4.3.2 DL model of the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain	70
4.4 The SD in the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain based on AH and DL	75
4.5 The Model of the Upstream Electronic Product Supply Chain based on MFM	78
Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation	82
5.1 Conclusion	82
5.2 Recommendation	83
Reference	85
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 The various layers of a complex socio-technical system	2
Figure 1.2 The whole structure of the thesis.	4
Figure 2.1 Extended Supply Chain	5
Figure 2.2 Three Information Sharing Levels	8
Figure 2.3 Three Models of Information Sharing	9
Figure 2.4 The Ecological and cogntivist approaches to work analysis	11
Figure 2.5 Simplified diagram of the relation between control tasks and work domain	12
Figure 2.6 Looking for higher leverage	14
Figure 2.7 Characteristic patterns of system behavior	15
Figure 2.8 SCOR is organized around five major management processes.	17
Figure 2.9 SCOR is a hierarchical model with specific boundaries in regard to scope	20
Figure 2.10 The Value-Chain Strategic Decision-Making Framework	22
Figure 2.11 Supply Chain Synchronization	23
Figure 3.1 Abstraction-decomposition space for thermal-hydraulic system	28
Figure 3.2 A linear sequence of information processing tasks, typical of the human information processing approach to human factors, HCI, and psychology.	29
Figure 3.3 An example showing how verbal protocols can be mapped onto the Decision Ladder	31
Figure 3.4 Supply chain network of product A	33
Figure 3.5 An example of Abstract Hierarchy matrix for the Extended Supply Chain	35
Figure 3.6 Abstraction Hierarchy for the domain of retail processes	39
Figure 3.7 An example of DL for sales activity	40
Figure 3.8 Causal Loop Diagram Notation	43
Figure 3.9 Causal Loop Diagram	44
Figure 3.10 Stock and flow diagram	44
Figure 3.11 An example of Stock and Flow model established base on the results of AH & DL analysis	48
Figure 3.12 Types of plant decomposition used in MFM	49
Figure 3.13 The relationship among the Goals, Components and Functions	50
Figure 3.14 Relations between the MFM Objects	52
Figure 3.15 Process graph of the main recirculation system of a nuclear power plant	54
Figure 3.16 MFM Model of the Main Recirculation System	55
Figure 3.17 Processes of the Step “Receive Product”	56
Figure 3.18 MFM Model of the Receive Product	57
Figure 3.19 Characteristics of Supply chain configuration using this composition of the three methodologies	59
Figure 4.1 The Semiconductor Supply Chain	63
Figure 4.2 Abstraction Hierarchy of Semiconductor Supply Chain	68
Figure 4.3 Abstraction Hierarchy of Foundry	69
Figure 4.4 An example of DL for TSMC-online	74
Figure 4.5 Order fulfillment SD concept model established base on the results of AH & DL analysis	77
Figure 4.6 SCOR Source Processes in Make to Order Scenario Implemented in MFM Model	79
Figure 4.7 SCOR Make Part in Make to Order Scenario Processes Implemented in MFM Model	80
Figure 4.8 SCOR Delivery Part in Make to Order Scenario Processes Implemented in MFM Model	81
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Summary of Findings in Mahendrawathi’s empirical study	25
Table 3.1 Summary of the DL steps for sales activities	41
Table 3.2 Summary of the MFM symbols	51
Table 3.3 Summary of MFM Symbols and Functions in “Receive Product”	57
Table 4.1 Summary of the DL steps for order processing activities	73
Table 4-2 Meanings of Diagnosis Light in MFM Model	80

                                

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