環境壓力對於間隙氣體及儲槽排放過程的影響｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	李傑先 Chieh-hsien Lee
論文名稱：	環境壓力對於間隙氣體及儲槽排放過程的影響 The effect of ambient pressure on interstitial gas and the process of granular discharge from silo
指導教授：	蕭述三 Shu-San Hsiau
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	100
中文關鍵詞：	粉顆粒體、儲槽、間隙流體、流率、環境壓力
外文關鍵詞：	Granular, Silo, Interstitial air, Discharge rate, Ambient pressure
相關次數：	點閱：13 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

　　顆粒流包含固體的顆粒體及間隙流體，通常是空氣。當儲槽排放過程的顆粒體尺寸小至數百微米以下，空氣與粉體彼此交互運動，屬於一種兩相流。顆粒體的流率與尺寸、密度、溼度、內聚力、環境壓力等有關。
　　Beverloo方程式在圓錐型儲槽對於流率的估算相當準確，然而當顆粒體尺寸小至數百微米以下，間隙氣體對於流率及流動型態的影響開始顯著，尤其頂端封閉式儲槽，由於空氣逆向填補顆粒排出的空間，有時甚至可見氣泡產生的現象，在此我們稱為氣體阻礙效應，故實際排放率較其預估為低。
　　本研究實驗採用粒徑範圍由90至1000微米的矽砂為實驗顆粒體，採用開放與封閉兩種系統，並改變三種開口直徑，以及儲槽環境壓力。量測排放過程的流率以及間隙氣體壓力資訊，驗證氣體阻礙效應與粒徑呈反比及與環境氣壓呈正比的關係，亦即當粒徑越小、環境氣壓高時氣體效應越明顯。
　　此外本研究定義一氣體效應被削減的臨界壓力，此臨界壓力與粒徑有反比的關係。Darcy Law在多孔介質是廣泛運用的理論，在本研究中我們以簡化的模組比較實驗也得到相當準確的結果。

The process of discharge in a silo includes granular material and interstitial fluid, usually as air, is belong to two-phase flow phenomenon. The discharge rate of granular material bases on size, density, humidity, cohesive force, and ambient pressure etc.
Beverloo correction performs well in the conical tank for reasonably accurate estimation of flow rate. However, when the particle size is small than several hundred microns or less to. Interstitial gas flow impact the flow rate and flow pattern, especially in a closed-top silo. Due to air reversely fill the gap caused by particle discharge, sometimes we can see the phenomenon of bubbles produced, in which we call gases impede effect, so the actual discharge rate is lower than its forecast.
This study used experimental particle size range from 90-1000 microns silica sand for the experiment. With changeable open or closed-top conical silo, and changed three diameters of orifice, as well as the ambient pressures of silo, we experimentally measure the discharge rate of sand and pressure variations of interstitial gas. This work proves the accuracy of Beverloo equation for open-top silo. Closed-top silo at atmosphere because of counter-current air fill the space of discharged sand, even seen bubbles generated, the discharge rate is much decreased. Experiments of closed-top silo at low ambient pressure demonstrate the gases impede effect is reduced. The effect of air obstacle is inversely proportion to particle size and directly proportion to ambient pressure.
In addition, this study defines a critical pressure of reduced interstitial gas effect. This critical pressure has inverse relationship between particle size. Darcy Law is widely used in porous media theory, in this study, we compared a simplified experimental module has accurate results.

摘要........................................................................................................................i
Abstract.................................................................................................................ii
目錄......................................................................................................................iii
附表目錄...............................................................................................................v
附圖目錄..............................................................................................................vi
符號說明..............................................................................................................ix
第一章　緒論................................................................................................1
1.1 顆粒流介紹....................................................................................................1
　1.1.1 顆粒體簡介.............................................................................................1
　1.1.2 顆粒流與一般流體的差異 ...................................................................2
　1.1.3 顆粒流的研究發展.................................................................................4
1.2 儲槽介紹........................................................................................................4
　1.2.1 儲槽與粉顆粒體的文獻.........................................................................4
　1.2.2 儲槽質量流率的文獻.............................................................................7
　1.2.3 間隙流體與間歇流動的文獻.................................................................9
　1.2.4 壓力效應的文獻...................................................................................11
1.3 研究動機與方向..........................................................................................12
第二章　實驗方法....................................................................................20
2.1 實驗設備......................................................................................................20
2.2 研究方法......................................................................................................22
　2.2.1 累計質量及瞬時流率分析法...............................................................22
　2.2.2 平均質量流率分析法...........................................................................23
　2.2.3 封閉儲槽壓差分析法….......................................................................23
2.3 實驗步驟......................................................................................................24
2.4 誤差分析......................................................................................................25
第三章　結果與討論...............................................................................33
3.1 大氣壓力下的儲槽排放..............................................................................33
　3.1.1 尺寸對排放率的探討...........................................................................33
　3.1.2 開放系統與封閉系統的比較...............................................................35
3.2 低壓環境下的儲槽排放..............................................................................39
3.3 環境壓力對儲槽排放的影響......................................................................42
　3.3.1 質量排放率的比較...............................................................................42
　3.3.2 間隙空氣壓力的比較...........................................................................44
　3.3.3 壓力梯度的探討...................................................................................45
第四章　結論..............................................................................................84
參考文獻........................................................................................................86

                                

[1] R. M. Nedderman, “Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1992)
[2] P.A. Shamlou, Handling of Bulk Solids, Butterworths, London (1988)
[3] C. S. Campbell and C. E. Brennen, “Chute Flows of Granular Material: Some Computer Simulations,” J. Appl. Mech., Vol. 52, pp. 72-78 (1985)
[4] O. Reynolds, “On the Dilatancy of Media Composed of Rigid Particles in Contact, With Experimental Illustrations,” Phil. Mag., Vol. 20, pp. 469-481 (1885)
[5] O. Reynolds, “Experiments Showing Dilatancy, A Property of Granular Materials Possibly Connected with Gravitation,” Proc. Roy. Inst. of Gr. Britain., Vol. 11, pp. 354-363 (1886)
[6] M. Faraday, “On a Peculiar Class of Acoustical Figures and on Certain Forms Assumed by Groups of Particles upon Vibrating Elastic Surfaces,” Fhil. Trans. R. Soc., London, Vol. 52, pp. 299-340 (1831)
[7] M. J. Hvorslev, “Torsion Shear Tests and Their Place in the Determination for Shearing Resistance of Soils,” Proc. ASTM, Vol. 39, pp. 999-1022 (1939)
[8] I. Zuriguel, A. Garcimart?n, D. Maza, L. A. Pugnaloni, and J. M. Pastor, “Jamming during the discharge of granular matter from a silo,” Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 71, 051303 (2005)
[9] 許進吉，儲槽排放過程中間隙氣體對粉顆粒體的影響，碩士論文，國立中央大學機械工程學系，中壢、台灣，2008
[10] J. K. Prescott and R. A. Barnum, “On Powder Flowability,” Pharmaceutical Technology, October (2000)
[11] D. Geldart, “Homogeneous fluidization of fine powders using various gases and pressures”, Powder Technol., Vol. 19, pp. 133-136 (1978)
[12] W. Jenike, Gravity flow of bulk solids, Bulletin n.108 of the Utah Engineering Experiment Station, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. (1961)
[13] A. Samadani, A. Pradhan, and A. Kudrolli, “Size segregation of granular matter in silo discharges,” Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 60, pp. 7203-7209 (1999)
[14] T. A. Royal and J. W. Carson, “Fine Powder Flow Phenomena in Bins, Hoppers, and Processing Vessels,” Presented at Bulk 2000: Bulk Material Towards the Year 2000, London. (1991)
[15] H. Pacheco-Martinez, H. J. van Gerner, and J. C. Ruiz-Su?rez, “Storage and discharge of a granular fluid,” Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 77, 021303 (2008)
[16] A. Harmens, “Flow of granular material through horizontal apertures,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 18, pp. 297-306 (1963)
[17] R. L. Brown and J. C. Richards, “Exploratory study of the flow of granules through apertures,” Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs., Vol. 37, pp. 108-119 (1959)
[18] R. L. Brown, and J. C. Richards, “Principles of powder mechanics,” Pergamon Press., New York. (1970)
[19] W. A. Beverloo, H. A. Leniger, and van de Velde, “The flow of granular solids through orifices,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 15, pp. 260-269 (1961)
[20] J. C. Williams, “The rate of discharge of coarse granular materials from conical mass flow hoppers,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 32, pp. 247-255 (1977)
[21] B. J. Crewdson, A. L. Ormond, and R. M. Nedderman, “Air-impeded discharge of fine particles from a hopper,” Powder Technol., Vol. 16, pp. 197-207 (1977)
[22] T. M. Verghese and R. M. Nedderman, “The Discharge of Fine Sands From Conical Hoppers,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 50, pp. 3143-3153 (1995)
[23] J.A.H de Jong and Q.E.J.J.M Hoelen, “Cocurrent Gas and Particle Flow During Pneumatic Discharge from a Bunker through an Orifice,” Powder Technol., Vol. 12, pp. 201-208 (1975)
[24] D. Barletta, G. Donsı`, G. Ferrari, M. Poletto, and P. Russo, “Solid Flow Rate Prediction in Silo Discharge of Aerated Cohesive Powders”, AIChE J., Vol. 53 (2007)
[25] X-l. Wu, K. J. M?l?y, A. Hansen, M. Ammi, and D. Bideau, “Why Hour Glasses Tick,” Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 71, pp. 1363-1366 (1993)
[26] T. L. Pennec, K. J. M?l?y, A. Hansen, M. Ammi, D. Bideau, and X-l. Wu, “Ticking hour glasses: Experiments analysis of intermittent flow,” Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 53, pp. 2257-2264 (1996)
[27] B. K. Muite, M. L. Hunt, and G. G. Joseph, “The effects of a counter-current interstitial flow on a discharging hourglass,” Phy. of Fluids, Vol. 16, pp. 3415-3425 (2004)
[28] M. E. M?bius, X. Cheng, P. Eshuis, G. S. Karczmar, S. R. Nagel, and H. M. Jaeger, “Effect of air on granular size separation in a vibrated granular bed,” Phys. Rev. E., Vol. 72, 011034 (2005)
[29] A. Srivastava and S. Sundaresan, “Analysis of a frictional–kinetic model for gas–particle flow,” Powder Technol., Vol. 129, pp. 72-85 (2003)
[30] T. L. Pennec, K. J. M?l?y, E. G. Flekk?y, J. C. Messager, and M. Ammi, “Silo hiccups: Dynamic effects of dilatancy in granular flow,” Phys. of Fluids, Vol. 10, pp. 3072-3079 (1998)

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文