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研究生: 張家榮
Chia-Jung Chang
論文名稱: 利用GPS衛星研究台灣上空電離層閃爍現象
Using GPS satellite to research scintillation in the ionosphere above Taiwan
指導教授: 朱延祥
Yen-Hsyang Chu
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地球科學學院 - 太空科學研究所
Graduate Institute of Space Science
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 100
中文關鍵詞: 電離層閃爍GPS衛星
外文關鍵詞: GPS satellite, scintillation
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  • 從台南成功大學裡航太場接收站(東經120.2774度,北緯22.7993度)接收GPS衛星上的導航訊息與訊號振幅值,利用這些資料可以算得衛星與台南接收站的相對即時位置與仰角。此研究統計了2003年到2007年這些資料,從訊號振幅值算出S4的大小,在與算出來的GPS衛星軌道位置做結合,投影在350km的高度就可以了解不規則體的發生的位置。再利用仰角簡易來判斷該S4是否屬於電離層或是對流層所發生的閃爍。由於赤道區與中緯度區的不規則體形成機制不同,推論其S4會滿足不同機率分佈函數。也針對本地時間與2003年到2007年各月的S4機率分佈圖,發現S4出現分別在日落過後和午夜之前。S4在各個經緯度上的機率分佈情形。藉此我們可以看出S4大小在時間上與經緯度上的變化。


    The GPS signals received by high resolution GPS receiver located at Tainan from 2003 to 2007 were analyzed, in which 3-minute scintillation signals of the GPS amplitude variations were employed to estimate S4 index. The elevation angle and trajectory of GPS satellite were both computed to locate the electron density irregularities responsible for the S4 index. Combining satellite orbit projected at 350km and S4 index, the location of the ionospheric irregularities can be identified. The characteristics of the scintillations induced by refractivity fluctuations in troposphere and ionosphere were investigated. We find that the statistical properties of the S4 index originated from troposphere and ionosphere are very different. The ionosphere-originated scintillation generally started to occur in 1 hour after sunset, appeared most frequently just before local midnight, and disappeared by early morning. However, the troposphere-originated scintillation occurred nearly uniformly throughout 24-hour a day.

    摘要...........................................i Abstract......................................ii 致謝.........................................iii 目錄...........................................v 圖目錄......................................viii 表目錄.......................................xii 第一章 前言....................................1 1-1 研究動機...................................1 1-2 本文架構...................................2 第二章 GPS系統架構與工作原理...................4 2-1 各國導航定位系統簡介.......................4 2-2 GPS系統架構................................5 2-2-1 太空部分.................................5 2-2-2 地面控制部分.............................7 2-2-3 使用者部分...............................8 2-3 GPS訊號結構................................9 2-4座標系統與時間系統.........................11 2-4-1座標系統.................................11 2-4-2時間系統.................................13 2-5 GPS定位誤差...............................14 2-5-1 GPS有關的誤差...........................15 2-5-2 傳播過程的誤差..........................16 2-5-3 接收機的誤差............................17 2-6 台南GPS接收站設備簡介.....................18 第三章 相關理論基礎...........................22 3-1 機率、隨機過程與統計......................22 3-1-1機率.....................................22 3-1-2隨機過程與統計...........................23 3-2 閃爍理論簡介與閃爍指數....................24 3-2-1 理論基礎................................24 3-2-2 相位薄屏理論(Phase Screen Theory).......28 3-2-3 閃爍指數(Scintillation index,S4).......31 第四章 資料分析與結果.........................33 4-1 GPS振幅訊號...............................33 4-1-1 GPS衛星訊號振幅.........................33 4-1-2 GPS 訊號機率密度分佈函數................38 4-2 計算GPS衛星軌道與投影.....................40 4-2-1衛星軌道力學.............................40 4-2-2 GPS衛星軌道投影求法.....................48 4-2-3 GPS衛星仰角計算.........................50 4-3 統計S4的機率分佈..........................51 4-3-1 在不同緯度上S4機率分佈..................51 4-3-2 本地時間與月份S4之機率分佈..............58 4-3-3 不同經緯度的S4之機率分佈................67 4-3-4 仰角與S4之機率分佈......................72 4-4 太陽活動與閃爍間的關係....................74 第五章 結論與未來展望.........................75 5-1 結論......................................75 5-2 未來展望..................................76 參考文獻......................................78 附錄..........................................81

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    參考網址:
    [16]介紹GPS系統網站:http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gps_f.html
    [17]International GPS Service http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov

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