不同化學改質之廢印刷電路板對重金屬吸附之研究

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研究生：	卜尹芝 Yin-chih Pu
論文名稱：	不同化學改質之廢印刷電路板對重金屬吸附之研究 The adsorption of heavy metals by different chemical modified waste printed circuit board
指導教授：	李俊福 Jiunn-fwu Lee
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程研究所 Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	106
中文關鍵詞：	吸附、重金屬、廢印刷電路板之非金屬成分、表面改質
外文關鍵詞：	E-waste, Adsorption, Toxic metal removal, Chemical modification
相關次數：	點閱：7 下載：0
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台灣電路板產業成長至今已超過40年，並在2010年海內外產值產量已經站上世界第一。巨幅發展的同時也衍生大量的電子廢棄物。由於科技產品推陳出新的速度加快，壽命短暫，全球電子廢物數量也因而大幅增長。目前該類廢棄物之處理與資源化方法分為金屬及非金屬成分。金屬部分以回收資源化為主，非金屬成份幾乎以焚化和掩埋的方式來處理，對環境帶來負面的衝擊。本研究利用FR-4等級之廢棄印刷電路板的非金屬成分作為原料，使用三種不同的化學改質方法，將此原料製備成吸附劑，藉由改變不同改質影響因子，如：改質劑量、時間與溫度等變數對吸附劑表面性質之影響。隨後探討吸附劑的基本組成、表面元素、官能基鍵結量的多寡及對重金屬(Pb2+、Cu2+)之吸附效果，以提供印刷電路板之非金屬成分資源化之可能方向。實驗結果得知N、HPCB經KOH活化、胺類及醇胺類試劑改質後，吸附量有大幅提升趨勢。由 FTIR及EDS結果可看出改質吸附劑表面存在羧基、氫氧基及氨基，顯示重金屬可鍵結在官能基所提供之未共用電子對上，達到移除重金屬目的。其中，利用乙二胺為主改質劑製備而成的EPCB表面官能基以氨基為主。吸附結果顯示在pH = 4.5時，鉛的吸附量之順序為：APCB1 >TPCB1 >DPCB；在pH = 5時，銅的吸附量之順序為：TPCB1 >DPCB1 =EPCB。此外，對重金屬的吸附量大小順序為：鉛 > 銅。

The printed circuit industry in Taiwan has developed over 40 years, also the output value and yield of production has become the world ' s first in 2010. With the rapid development of the economy, the disposal of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is an ecological concern on a global scale. Currently, the metallic fractions of waste PCBs can be effectively recycled through various separation methods and the nonmetallic fractions of waste PCBs are generally treated by incineration or landfilling. However, both of the incineration and landfilling could cause some environmental problems. Therefore, in this research, adsorbents based on the nonmetallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards were prepared by 3 different chemical modifications. The adsorption properties for copper and lead in a water-saturated system were studied. In order to understand the influence of surface characteristic on adsorbents, the effect of various factors such as modifier’s dose, variety, reaction time and temperature was investigated. This work provide a resource for recycling resulting in to a solution for an issue of global concern and they becoming a value-added product opportunity.The experimental results indicated that the adsorbent prepared from the nonmetallic fractions of waste PCBs had high adsorption capacities. FTIR spectra and EDS show that the adsorbent surface successfully modified with functional group of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amine groups. The functional groups provide nonbonding electron pair for the adsorption of heavy metals. For the adsorption equilibrium, adsorption capacities for Pb is in the following order: APCB1 > TPCB1 > DPCB and for Cu is in the following under TPCB1、2、3 > DPCB = DPCB. The adsorption capacities for heavy metal are as following: Pb2+ > Cu2+.

目錄    I
圖目錄    V
表目錄    VII
    
第一章 前言 1
    
1-1    研究緣起 1
1-2    研究目的與內容 3

第二章 文獻回顧 4
    
2-1    印刷電路板之定義 4 
2-2    印刷電路板產業發展 4
2-2-1    印刷電路板－原料 5
2-2-2    印刷電路板－製程 7
2-2-3    印刷電路板－處理現況 8
2-3    重金屬污染 9
2-3-1    重金屬來源與危害 9
2-3-2    去除重金屬之方法 10
2-4    印刷電路板之表面改質 12
2-4-1    化學改質 12
2-4-2    嫁接氨基 13
2-5    改質後之印刷電路板吸附機制 15
2-5-1    化學改質 15
2-5-2    嫁接氨基 15
2-6    吸附理論 16
2-6-1    等溫吸附線 17
2-6-2    等溫吸附模式 18

第三章 研究方法 21
    
3-1    研究內容與流程 21
3-2    實驗設備 23
3-2-1    氮氣吸附孔隙儀 23
3-2-2    傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 23
3-2-3    火焰式原子吸收光譜儀 24
3-2-4    場發射掃瞄式電子顯微鏡及微區元素分析儀    25
3-2-5    元素分析儀 26
3-2-6    水平震盪機 26
3-2-7    電子分析天平 26
3-2-8    pH計 27
3-2-9    烘箱 27
3-2-10    高溫加熱爐 27
3-3    實驗藥品 28
3-4    實驗方法 29
3-4-1    化學活化 29
3-4-2    嫁接官能基 31
3-4-2-1    嫁接氨基 31
3-4-2-2    嫁接多重官能基 33
3-5    重金屬吸附實驗 34
3-5-1    吸附實驗 34
3-5-2    吸附時間之影響 34
3-5-3    酸鹼值之影響 35

第四章 結果與討論    37
    
4-1    廢棄電路板非金屬成分之基本特性 37
4-1-1    基本組成 37
4-1-2    表面性質 39
4-1-3    表面官能基 40
4-2    化學活化    41
4-2-1    化學組成特性分析 42
4-2-2    表面型態-氮氣恆溫氣態吸附 43
4-2-3    表面官能基特性鑑定 44
4-2-3-1    紅外光譜(FTIR)分析 44
4-2-3-2    X光能量散譜儀 47
4-3    嫁接氨基    49
4-3-1    化學組成特性分析 52
4-3-2    表面型態-氮氣恆溫氣態吸附 53
4-3-3    表面官能基特性鑑定 54
4-3-3-1    紅外光譜(FTIR)分析 54
4-3-3-2    X光能量散譜儀 57
4-4    接枝多重官能基 58
4-4-1    化學組成特性分析 60
4-4-2    表面型態-氮氣恆溫氣態吸附 61
4-4-3    表面官能基特性鑑定 62
4-4-3-1    紅外光譜(FTIR)分析 62
4-4-3-2    X光能量散譜儀 65
4-5    重金屬吸附實驗 68
4-5-1    吸附時間之影響 68
4-5-2    pH值之影響 69
4-5-3    重金屬吸附量 73
4-5-3-1    吸附劑對重金屬之吸附－化學活化 73
4-5-3-2    吸附劑對重金屬之吸附－嫁接氨基 77
4-5-3-3    吸附劑對重金屬之吸附－接枝多重官能基 80
4-6    改質吸附劑比較 83
4-6-1    改質吸附劑間之比較 83
4-6-2    改質吸附劑與其他吸附劑之比較 85

第五章 結論與建議    88
    
5-1    結論 88
5-2    建議 90

參考文獻    91

                                

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