本篇論文之主要目的為探討歐洲失業 率對於犯罪影響。由過去獻提出本篇論文之主要目的為探討歐洲失業 率對於犯罪影響。由過去獻提出本篇論文之主要目的為探討歐洲失業 率對於犯罪影響。由過去獻提出率與犯罪存在內生性問題，因此本論文亦 率與犯罪存在內生性問題，因此本論文亦 率與犯罪存在內生性問題，因此本論文亦 修正 了失業率的內生性問題。 失業率的內生性問題。 我們使用了 子技術偏向科成長 技術偏向科成長 技術偏向科成長 技術偏向科成長 技術偏向科成長 技術偏向科成長 技術偏向科成長 技術偏向科成長 的衡量變數 的衡量變數 的衡量變數 的衡量變數 的衡量變數 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 作為失業率之工具變數， 用以 探討歐洲在 探討歐洲在 探討歐洲在 探討歐洲在 探討歐洲在 1993 年至 2009 年失業率對於犯罪之 影響效果 。除此之外，由於 歐洲1999 年發行共同貨幣 – 歐元，本文亦考慮了經濟結合對於犯罪率之影響 歐元，本文亦考慮了經濟結合對於犯罪率之影響 歐元，本文亦考慮了經濟結合對於犯罪率之影響 ，此層面的討論在歐洲文獻 ，此層面的討論在歐洲文獻 中屬於新的 嘗試。 嘗試。 本文主要貢獻 在於正確找出影響犯罪率的因素，分析 在於正確找出影響犯罪率的因素，分析 在於正確找出影響犯罪率的因素，分析 失業率 在歐洲犯罪率所扮演 的角色，並 的角色，並 的角色，並 尋找 犯罪率 決定方程式中，可以作為失業犯罪率 決定方程式中，可以作為失業犯罪率 決定方程式中，可以作為失業犯罪率 決定方程式中，可以作為失業犯罪率 決定方程式中，可以作為失業的工具變數 ，並控制了歐洲 ，並控制了歐洲 經濟 結合之影響。研究果 結合之影響。研究果 結合之影響。研究果 發現， 發現， 失業率 仍是 財產犯罪 中相當重要的因素，其 中相當重要的因素，其 中相當重要的因素，其 影響 效果 從 2.3% 2.3% 至 12.7% ，遠高於美國文獻的發現，表示經濟因素是歐洲犯罪率非常不容忽視面向。 遠高於美國文獻的發現，表示經濟因素是歐洲犯罪率非常不容忽視面向。 失業率對暴力犯罪的影響則 有正負，視暴力犯罪的種類而定其邊際效果則介於 有正負，視暴力犯罪的種類而定其邊際效果則介於 有正負，視暴力犯罪的種類而定其邊際效果則介於 有正負，視暴力犯罪的種類而定其邊際效果則介於 有正負，視暴力犯罪的種類而定其邊際效果則介於 -15% 至 10.3% 10.3% 之間。由 之間。由 之間。由 實證 結果 也可發現 ，歐洲 政府 除了加強 除了加強 除了加強 經濟狀況的提升 經濟狀況的提升 經濟狀況的提升 經濟狀況的提升 經濟狀況的提升 之外， 之外， 嚇阻 效果的加強 也是個 減少犯罪發生 的有效方法。再者，使用共同貨幣所造成經濟結合對 的有效方法。再者，使用共同貨幣所造成經濟結合對 的有效方法。再者，使用共同貨幣所造成經濟結合對 的有效方法。再者，使用共同貨幣所造成經濟結合對 的有效方法。再者，使用共同貨幣所造成經濟結合對 於歐洲犯罪率似乎並非主要的因素。

The main purpose of this paper is investigating the impact of unemployment on crime in Europe. Due to the causality between unemployment and crime, we need to control for the problem of endogeneity in our empirical model. Therefore, I employ the 2SLS methodology by utilizing the SBTC variables as the instrumental variables to analyze the effect of unemployment on violent and property crime covering the period from 1993 to 2009. In addition to the effect of unemployment, I also consider the effect of the economic integration on crime rate. Different from existing literatures, I am devoted to finding the innovative instrumental variables for unemployment in order to obtain the intrinsic effect of economic integration on crime, which is new to the literature. The 2SLS result shows that unemployment has significantly positive effect on property crime with marginal effects ranging from 2.3 percent to 12.7 percent, which seems to be much larger than that in the U.S. In light of this, unemployment is still the key factor in determining the property crime rate. Unemployment also significantly affect violent crime with marginal effect ranging from -15.7 percent to 10.5 percent, depending on the type of crime. In addition to economic condition improvements, our empirical evidences also demonstrate that the reinforcement of the deterrence is an effective way to combat the crime problem in Europe. Moreover, the economic integration in terms of common currency plays a minor role in determining the crime rate in Europe.

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