以經驗模態分解法為基礎的非線性分析應用於妥瑞氏症全腦腦波分析

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研究生：	謝孟桓Ｍeng-Huan Hsieh
論文名稱：	以經驗模態分解法為基礎的非線性分析應用於妥瑞氏症全腦腦波分析
指導教授：	黃衍任 Yean-ren Hwang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2018
畢業學年度：	106
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	89
中文關鍵詞：	非線性分析、腦波、經驗模態分解法、尺度相關的固有熵、妥瑞氏症
外文關鍵詞：	nonlinear analysis, electroencephalogram, Empirical Mode Decomposition, scale-dependent intrinsic entropy, Tourette
相關次數：	點閱：20 下載：0
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妥瑞氏症是一種常見的神經內科疾病，好發於男性孩童及青少年，主要的症狀是
動作型，如快速而短促的眨眼睛、噘嘴、裝鬼臉;以及聲語型，如清喉嚨、大叫。目
前缺乏單一的標準來判定是否為妥瑞氏症。臨床上多以精神疾病診斷與統計手冊及耶
魯抽動症整體量表為妥瑞氏症疾病輔助診斷及區分嚴重程度。
本研究以妥瑞氏症患者的全腦腦電波數據為素材(包含張眼與閉眼兩種情形之腦電波數據)。藉由經驗模態分解法及尺度相關的固有熵分析，找尋與妥瑞氏症相關的動態生醫指標。研究得到的動態生醫指標可以作為妥瑞氏症臨床診斷的輔助工具。此外，也使用量化的腦波特徵參數與 YGTSS 之間的關係，建立新的指標應用於妥瑞氏症嚴重程度的參考。
本研究發現，能量密度與尺度相關的固有熵用在實驗組與對照組間存在有顯著的統計差異(P<0.001)。能量密度的動態生醫指標與 YGTSS 之間的關係存在一定的相關性 (R = 0.39)。隨著嚴重程度的上升，高頻腦波能量密度呈負相關，低頻腦波能量密度呈正相關。然而，尺度相關的固有熵在與 YGTSS 的相關性並沒有能量密度來的好。
本研究根據張眼能量密度定義的動態生醫指標在診斷妥瑞氏症上有較佳的表現。
由閉眼能量密度定義的動態生醫指標則與妥瑞氏症的嚴重程度有較佳的相關性。與診
斷妥瑞氏症相關的動態生醫指標多來自於右前腦區。然而本研究存在樣本不足的問
題，期待能後續的研究中能得到更多的樣本，提升研究成果在臨床在的應用價值。

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a common neurological disorder. Most of patients are male children and adolescents. TS is characterized by motor tics and vocal (phonic) tics, such as eye blinking, grinning, grimacing, throat clearing, and shouting. So far, there is no clinical standard for diagnosing the TS. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) are two common tools for diagnosing and evaluating TS.
In this study, whole-brain electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, for two examination conditions of eye-open and eye-closed, were analyzed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and scale-dependent intrinsic entropy analysis. The aim of this study is to figure out the dynamic biomarkers for characterizing TS. These dynamic biomarkers are helpful for diagnosing TS as a complementary tool in clinical practices. Furthermore, we defined a new assessment according to the relationships between the dynamical biomarkers and YGTSS for evaluating the severity of TS.
As our findings, the statistical differences between the control and experimental groups are significant (p-value < 0.001) for many dynamic biomarkers, using the energy densities on specific channel within specific frequency bands. The dynamic biomarkers using energy densities are significantly correlated with YGTSS (the correlation coefficient is 0.39). The high-frequency energy density increases with the increase of YGTSS, and the low- frequency energy density decreases with the increase of YGTSS. The diagnostic performance using the biomarkers of energy density is better than that using biomarkers of entropies.
In summary, the biomarkers using energy densities with eye-closed performed ii
better than those using energy densities with eye-open did. The new assessment using the energy densities with eye-open is significantly correlated to the severity of TS represented by YGTSS. Most of the dynamic biomarkers locate on the right hemisphere and frontal lobe. However, only a limited number of subjects were investigated in this study. The findings of this study cannot be used in clinical practices before a sufficient number of subjects are investigated in the future works.

中文摘要 .............................................................................................................................i Abstract...............................................................................................................................ii 誌謝 ...................................................................................................................................iv 目錄 ...................................................................................................................................vi 圖目錄 ...............................................................................................................................ix 表目錄 ...............................................................................................................................xi 符號說明 ..........................................................................................................................xii 第一章 緒論......................................................................................................................1
1-1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................ 1
1-2 文獻回顧-腦波分析 ........................................................................................... 2
1-3 研究動機 ............................................................................................................ 5
1-4 論文架構 ............................................................................................................ 8
第二章 實驗設計與分析方法........................................................................................10 
2-1 腦波採集實驗設計 .......................................................................................... 10
2-1-1 腦波採集環境 .......................................................................................... 10
2-1-2 人類研究倫理審查委員會(IRB)認證 ..................................................... 10
2-1-3 實驗設計 .................................................................................................. 11
2-2 分析方法 .......................................................................................................... 12
2-2-1 希爾伯特-黃轉換 (Hilbert-Huang Transform) ....................................... 12
2-2-2 尺度相關的固有熵 (Scaled-dependent Intrinsic Entropy) ..................... 21
2-2-3 統計分析 .................................................................................................. 25
vi
第三章 腦波分析與結果................................................................................................32 
3-1 腦波數據頻率分解 .......................................................................................... 32
3-1-1 腦波數據的選擇 ...................................................................................... 32
3-1-2 IMFs 的分解 ............................................................................................ 33
3-1-3 IMF 頻率的訂定 ...................................................................................... 34
3-2 能量密度量化分析 .......................................................................................... 35
3-2-1 量化結果 .................................................................................................. 36
3-2-2 統計上的結果 .......................................................................................... 36
3-2-3 能量密度與 YGTSS 相關性 ................................................................... 37
3-3 訂定閥值及閥值的應用 .................................................................................. 41
3-3-1 閥值訂定方式 .......................................................................................... 41
3-3-2 閥值用於疾病區分的效果 ...................................................................... 42
3-3-3 通過動態生醫指標個數與 YGTSS 量表的相關性 ............................... 42
3-4 尺度相關的固有熵量化分析 .......................................................................... 46
3-4-1 尺度相關的固有熵量化結果 .................................................................. 46
3-4-2 尺度相關的固有熵與 YGTSS 的相關性 ............................................... 46
3-4-3 尺度相關的固有熵用於疾病區分的效果 .............................................. 50
3-4-4 通過生物標記點個數與 YGTSS 的相關性 ........................................... 50
第四章 討論與未來展望................................................................................................53 
4-1 研究限制 ......................................................................................................... 53 
4-1-1 數據的限制 .............................................................................................. 53 
4-2 研究發現......................................................................................................... 54
4-2-1 研究結果 .................................................................................................. 54 
4-2-2 根據本研究的結果推論 .......................................................................... 55 4-3 未來展望 ......................................................................................................... 55
4-3-1 再多收取一組非妥瑞氏症患者做驗證組，對本研究提出改善的方法 55
4-3-2 改用神經網路區分妥瑞氏症的嚴重程度 .............................................. 56
4-3-3 觀察妥瑞氏症患者與非妥瑞氏症患者在多次張閉眼過程中能量變化
情形 56
參考 .................................................................................................................................. 57 
附錄一 .................................................................................................................................. 
附錄二 ..................................................................................................................................
                                

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