應用碳足跡評估在印度尼西亞首都城市遷移之研究

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研究生：	卓建明 Archi Aditya
論文名稱：	應用碳足跡評估在印度尼西亞首都城市遷移之研究 Applying Carbon Footprint Assessment on Capital City Relocation in Indonesia
指導教授：	王翰翔 Han-Hsiang Wang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木系營建管理碩士班 Master's Program in Construction Management, Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2020
畢業學年度：	108
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	89
中文關鍵詞：	首都遷移、碳足跡、評估、環境
外文關鍵詞：	Capital Relocation, Carbon Footprint, Assessment, Environment
相關次數：	點閱：16 下載：0
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首都遷移為遷移過程中許多系統的穩定性帶來了不確定的影響。因此，需要進
行評估以衡量和克服將來的不良情況。搬遷專家指出，控制成本的一個關鍵是制定實
際成本預算，並在提供搬遷之前對其進行審查。作為支持政府間氣候變遷專門委員會
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，IPCC) 並致力於《巴黎協定》的國家之一，
印度尼西亞在應對全球暖化方面也扮演著重要角色。此外，2020 年開始進行第二波
「國家自訂貢獻 (National Determined Contributions，NDC)」的提交。本研究的目的是
評估印度尼西亞首都城市遷移計劃的碳足跡。結合投入-產出分析和生命週期分析，提
出了首都遷移的經濟IO-LCA。根據分析結果，整個項目將排放約4,859 萬tCO2e(噸二
氧化碳當量)至5,718 萬tCO2e 之溫室氣體。在確定每個目標的投資額時，每百萬美元
的差額將使排放量移動約1,278.51 tCO2e，每個案例之間的總排放量範圍為859 萬
tCO2e，占平均排放量的16.24％。當前計劃中需要仔細考慮的項目是電力，其次是水
泥和卡車運輸。在模型的數百個項目中，這三項大約負擔了整個排放量的27％。換句
話說，這項研究證明了在過程中作為排放源的重大影響。這個結果可以支持政府或任
何相關方在首都搬遷過程中的決策，也可以為控制地球暖化的全球性努力做出貢獻。

Capital relocation brings uncertain effects to the stability of many systems in the
processes. Therefore, assessment is needed to measure and overcome unwanted things in the
future. Relocation experts say that one key to holding down costs is developing an actual-cost
budget and reviewing it before relocation is even offered. As one of the countries that support
IPCC and committed to the Paris Agreement, Indonesia also has a big role in combat with global
warming. In addition, the second wave of NDC submission is begun in 2020. The purpose of
this study is to assess the carbon footprint of Indonesia capital city relocation plan. Using the
combination of Input-Output Analysis and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Economic IO-LCA for
the capital relocation is proposed in this study. From the analysis result, the whole project will
emit around 48.59 million tCO2e to 57.18 million tCO2e of GHGs emission. In deciding the
amount of investment for every target, the gap from every million USD will shift the emission
of about 1,278.51 tCO2e; the range of total average emission between cases is 8.59 Million
tCO2e, which is 16.24% of the average emission. The sectors that need to be considered
carefully in the current plan are from electricity, followed by cement and truck transport. From
hundreds of sectors in the model, those three sectors burden the whole emission for
approximately 27%. In other words, significant impact as the emitters in the processes is proven
in this study. This result could support the government or any related party on behalf for
decision making in the capital city relocation processes and also as a part of effort toward
maintaining global warming in the global scope.

中文摘要 ................................................................................................................................ i
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................... 6
1.3 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 7
1.4 Scope and Limitation ............................................................................................ 7
1.5 Research Flowchart .............................................................................................. 7
1.6 Thesis Organization .............................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 11
2.1 Capital Relocation ............................................................................................... 11
2.2 Carbon Footprint ................................................................................................ 12
2.3 Carbon Footprint Assessment ........................................................................... 13
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .................................................................................. 17
3.1 Data Collection .................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Data Classification .............................................................................................. 18
3.3 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Conversion .................................................... 19
3.4 EIO-Life Cycle Analysis ..................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................ 23
4.1 Analysis ................................................................................................................ 23
4.1.1 Scenario A ........................................................................................................ 25
4.1.1.1 Other Nonresidential Structures ................................................................. 25
4.1.1.2 Agriculture and Forestry Support .............................................................. 26
4.1.2 Scenario B ........................................................................................................ 28
4.1.2.1 Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment .............................................. 28
4.1.2.2 Single-Family Homes ................................................................................ 29
4.1.2.3 Highways, Streets, Bridges ........................................................................ 31
4.1.2.4 Other Nonresidential Structures ................................................................. 32
4.1.2.5 Commercial Structures .............................................................................. 34
4.1.2.6 Schools and Vocational Buildings ............................................................. 35
4.1.2.7 Health Care Buildings ................................................................................ 36
4.1.3 Scenario C ........................................................................................................ 37
4.1.3.1 Multi-family Homes .................................................................................. 38
4.1.3.2 Schools and Vocational Buildings ............................................................. 39
4.1.3.3 Commercial Structures .............................................................................. 40
4.1.3.4 Health Care Buildings ................................................................................ 42
4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 43
4.2.1 Scenarios Interpretation ..................................................................................... 44
4.2.2 Significant Sectors Interpretation ..................................................................... 46
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 51
5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 51
5.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................................ 52
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 53
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................... App 1-1
App-1 BEA Code to USEEIO Name ................................................................. App 1-1
App-2 PPP Coefficient Table ............................................................................. App 2-1
App-3 Letter for Data Request .......................................................................... App 3-1
                                

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