基於梯度殘餘值與零區塊偵測之HEVC轉換單位快速決策演算法

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研究生：	江峻賢 Chung-shian Chiang
論文名稱：	基於梯度殘餘值與零區塊偵測之HEVC轉換單位快速決策演算法 A Fast TU Mode Decision Algorithm Based on the Gradient of Residual and Zero Block
指導教授：	張寶基 Pao-Chi Chang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系 Department of Communication Engineering
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	80
中文關鍵詞：	高效率視訊編碼、轉換單位、殘餘四分樹、快速演算法、模式決策
外文關鍵詞：	HEVC, TU, RQT, fast algorithm, mode decision
相關次數：	點閱：11 下載：0
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High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)為新一代的視訊壓縮技術，由JCT-VC (ISO/IEC MPEG和 ITU-TVCEG)所開發，其目標是達到比目前主流H.264視訊壓縮標準更高的編碼效率，其適用範圍從Ultra HD (4000x2000或更高)到行動裝置上HD (720p或1080p) 的影片。在眾多新技術中，轉換單位(Transform unit, TU)採用以樹狀編碼結構(residual quadtree)，對於各種不同的畫面特性提供多種轉換大小，雖然可以提供更好的編碼效能，但也因為其複雜的樹狀架構，比起以往視訊編碼標準大幅增加了計算複雜度，因此發展TU之模式決策快速演算法有其必要性。本論文提供一個轉換單位之快速模式決策演算法，其演算法利用轉換編碼前的資訊來作模式決策，可分為兩部分：首先參考[11]所提出之零區塊繼承性，將此與零區塊偵測法作結合來提前中止轉換單位之編碼。第二部分為利用殘餘值之梯度來猜測子區塊AC係數之相似性，省略或是提前終止該轉換單位之編碼，省下不必要模式來降低編碼端的複雜度。根據實驗結果，利用本演算法在些許RD效能失真下，可以減少平均63%，最高到76%的轉換單位編碼時間。

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a new video coding standard that improves the coding efficiency significantly. A residual quadtree (RQT), which provides the nested quadtree-based transform coding for various characteristics of prediction blocks is adopted in transform unit (TU). The heuristic examination of TU sizes cost additional computational complexity comparing with previous video coding standard. Thus, to develop a method that can efficiently eliminate inefficient TU mode candidates is critical.
Two early termination schemes are developed in this thesis. All required information for the proposed mode decision criteria can be derived before transform coding. First, Zeng et. al. [11] has concluded the existence of the zero block inheritance (ZBI) property that could be used to skip many child TUs. We propose an early termination algorithm by combining the ZBI and all-zero block detection technique. Second, we use the gradient of residual to represent the similarity of coefficients. The similarity is employed to skip current TU mode or stop the TU splitting process.
Experimental results show that our proposed method saves about 63% on average and up to 76% TU encoding time with negligible rate-distortion loss compared to HM6.1.

摘要    I
致謝    III
目錄    V
附圖索引    VII
附表索引    VIII
   緒論    1
1    研究背景    1
2    研究動機與目的    2
3    論文架構    2
   HEVC視訊編碼標準介紹    3
1    HEVC視訊編碼介紹    3
2    HEVC編碼架構介紹    5
2.1    編碼單位(Coding unit, CU)    6
2.2    預測單位(Prediction unit, PU)    7
2.2.1    畫面內預測(Intra prediction)    10
2.2.2    畫面間預測(Inter prediction)    13
2.3    轉換單位(Transform unit, TU)    17
2.3.1    轉換(Transform)    17
2.3.2    量化(Quantization)    22
2.3.3    對角掃描(Diagonal scanning)    22
    24
2.3.4    內嵌式迴圈濾波器(In-loop filter)    25
2.4    殘餘四分樹(Residual Quadtree)    28
2.4.1    殘餘四分樹簡介    29
3    HEVC的環境設定及視訊樣本    31
3.1    環境設定    31
3.2    視訊樣本    34
3.3    複雜度分析    36
   應用於HEVC轉換單位之快速演算法    38
1    快速演算法相關文獻探討    38
2    快速TU深度決策演算法    43
2.1    基於偵測零區塊之TU快速演算法    43
2.1.1    零區塊分析及統計    43
2.1.2    HEVC之零區塊偵測法    46
2.1.3    實驗環境與編碼效能分析    50
2.2    基於殘餘值相似度之TU快速演算法    53
2.2.1    方法與流程    53
2.2.2    實驗環境與編碼效能分析    55
2.3    方法總結    57
   實驗結果與討論    59
1    實驗環境設置    59
2    實驗結果    60
   結論與未來展望    67
參考文獻    68


                                

[1] Advanced Video Coding, ITU-T Rec. H.264 and ISO/IEC 14496-10 (MPEG-4 AVC), Version 13, Mar. 2011.
[2] JCT-VC, “High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Test Model 10 (HM 10) Encoder Description,” JCTVC-L1002, 12th JCTVC meeting, Geneva, CH, Jan. 2013.
[3] JCT-VC, “Comparison of Compression Performance of HEVC Draft 10 with AVC High Profile,” JCTVC-M0329, 13th JCTVC meeting, Incheon, KR, Apr. 2013.
[4] Website of MPEG Resource Share Project, Slide of “Talk on Standard Status,” Sep. 2012
[5] JCT-VC, “High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Test Model 6 (HM 6) Encoder Description,” JCTVC-H1002, 8th JCTVC meeting, San Jose, USA, Feb. 2012.
[6] JCT-VC, “Common test conditions,” JCTVC-H1100, 8th JCTVC meeting, San Jose, USA, Feb. 2012.
[7] B. Bross, A. Fuldseth, X. Wangm, and W.-J. Han, “BoG Report: Residual Quadtree Structure”, Doc. JCTVC-C319, Guangzhou, CN, Oct. 2011.
[8] Y. Cheng, K. Dai, Z.Y. Wang, and J.Z. LU, “Motion Search Method Based on Zero-Block Detection in H.264/AVC” in Proc. 8th International Conference on Computer Supported Computer Work in Design, May 2004, vol. 2, pp. 739-743.
[9] W. He, and M. Xiao “Research on Zero-block Detection Threshold in H.264/AVC”, Proc. 2nd International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications (ICPCA 2007), July 2007, pp. 557-561.
[10] K. Choi and E. S. Jang, “Early TU Decision Method for Fast Video Encoding in High Efficiency Video Coding”, Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 689-691, June 2012.
[11] S. W. Teng, H. M. Hang, and Y. F. Chen, “Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for Residual Quadtree Coding in HEVC” in Proc. Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), Nov. 2011, pp. 1-4.
[12] G. Bjontegaard, “Calculation of Average PSNR Difference Between RD-curves,” ITU-T Q.6/SG16 VCEG 13th Meeting, Document VCEG-M33, 2001.

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