潛望鏡式三倍變焦鏡頭設計於手機內機構之厚度分析與探討

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研究生：	簡姿虹 Zih-Hong Jian
論文名稱：	潛望鏡式三倍變焦鏡頭設計於手機內機構之厚度分析與探討
指導教授：	孫文信 Wen-Shing Sun
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 光電科學與工程學系 Department of Optics and Photonics
論文出版年：	2018
畢業學年度：	106
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	128
中文關鍵詞：	光學變焦、潛望鏡式鏡頭設計、直角稜鏡厚度、有效口徑
相關次數：	點閱：29 下載：0
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本論文設計兩種手機鏡頭，分別為一千三百萬畫素與八百萬畫素三倍變焦潛望鏡式鏡頭。一千三百萬畫素影像感測器為OV13855，畫素大小為1.12 μm，變焦鏡頭焦距為5.909 mm 至 17.327 mm，半視角為9.685到26.567，F-number為3.05 ~ 5.5，像高為2.971 mm。八百萬畫素影像感測器為OV8856，畫素大小1.12 μm，變焦鏡頭焦距為4.514 mm 至 13.442 mm，半視角為9.710到27.000，F-number為3.05 ~ 5.5，像高為2.285 mm。
潛望鏡式手機變焦鏡頭設計必須埋入手機內，由於受限手機機構的厚度，當稜鏡厚度或鏡頭之鏡片口徑大小大於手機機構厚度時，則手機鏡頭無法放入手機內，假設稜鏡厚度或鏡片口徑之最大尺寸為鏡頭深度，則鏡頭深度必須小於手機機構厚度，才可置入手機內。
機構厚度與鏡頭F-number、入瞳口徑、與成像高度有關，一千三百萬畫素，成像高度為2.971 mm，機構厚度為14 mm。八百萬畫素，鏡頭成像高度由2.971 mm降到2.285 mm，機構厚度減少至10.8 mm；考量選用感測器比例為16：9，機構厚度再減少至 5.811 mm ；在變焦鏡頭之wide angle部分鏡片口徑較大，F-number由3.05增為3.5，機構厚度可再降低至 5.377 mm。最後使用五百萬畫素感測器，成像高度由2.971 mm降到1.923 mm，則機構厚度最後可調至 4.495 mm。
如果5.377mm沒辦法放進Iphone裡面，我們希望做到4.5mm以內，最後用500萬素來達到目的，使機構厚度能降到4.495mm。

This paper presents two kinds of 3X zoom lens design used for cell phone, including 13 million pixels and 8 million pixels of the cell phone. The 13 million pixel sensor is based on OV13855, the pixel size is 1.12 μm, the effective focal length of the zoom lens is 5.909 mm to 17.327 mm, the half angle is 9.685 degrees to 26.567 degrees, the F-number is 3.05 to 5.5, and the image height is 2.971 mm. The eight-megapixel sensor is using the CMOS sensor of the OV8856, with a pixel size of 1.12 μm. The zoom lens has a effective focal length of 4.514 mm to 13.442 mm, a half-view angle of 9.710 degrees to 27.000 degrees, an F-number of 3.05 to 5.5, and an image height of 2.285 mm.
Periscope-type cell phone zoom lens design must be placed into in the phone. Due to the limitation of the thickness of the cell phone, when the thickness of the prism or the aperture size of the lens is larger than the thickness of the cell phone, the cell phone lens cannot be placed in the cell phone. Assuming that the thickness of the prism or the maximum size of the lens aperture is the depth of the lens, the depth of the lens must be less than the thickness of the cell phone before it can be placed in the mobile phone.
The thickness of the mechanism is related to the lens F-number, the entrance pupil diameter, and the imaging height, 13 million pixels, the imaging height is 2.971 mm, and the mechanism thickness is 14 mm. With 8 million pixels, the lens imaging height is reduced from 2.971 mm to 2.285 mm, and the thickness of the mechanism is reduced to 10.8 mm. The ratio of the sensor is 16:9, and the thickness of the mechanism is reduced to 5.811 mm. In the wide angle part of the zoom lens The lens has a larger diameter, the F-number is increased from 3.05 to 3.5, and the thickness of the mechanism can be reduced to 5.377 mm. Finally, using a five-million-pixel sensor, the imaging height was reduced from 2.971 mm to 1.923 mm, and the thickness of the mechanism was finally adjusted to 4.495 mm.
If 5.377mm can't be put into the Iphone, we hope to achieve within 4.5mm, and finally use 5 million to achieve the purpose, so that the thickness of the mechanism can be reduced to 4.495mm.

目錄
摘要    I
Abstract    II
致 謝    III
圖目錄    X
表目錄    XV
第一章    緒論    1
1-1研究動機    1
1-2 研究目的    2
1-3 文獻回顧    3
1-3-1學術論文    3
1-3-2美國專利    9
1-4 論文架構    11
第二章    基本原理介紹    12
2-1 參考光線的定義    12
2-2使用真實光線追跡顯示光線在曲面上之XY方向高度    13
2-3直角稜鏡與光路展開圖 (Tunnel Diagram)    14
2-4、像高、有效焦距與半視角關係    15
2-5 F-number與有效焦距、入瞳口徑之關係    16
2-6 非球面方程式    17
2-7 像方主光線角度(Chief ray angle in image space)    19
2-8 艾里斑(Airy disc)    20
2-9 成像品質介紹    21
2-9-1 MTF    21
第三章 曲面有效口徑判讀與取得    26
3-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    26
3-1-1變焦鏡頭鏡片圖與三條參考光線(F1R2、F11R2、F11R3)追跡    26
3-1-2 EFL = 5.909 mm、EFL = 11.618 mm 、 EFL = 17.327 mm之三條參考光線追跡在曲面的高度    27
3-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    28
3-2-1 變焦鏡頭鏡片圖、三條參考光線(F1R2、F15R2、F15R3)追跡    28
3-2-2 EFL = 4.514 mm、EFL = 8.950 mm 、 EFL = 13.442 mm之三條參考光線追跡在曲面的高度    29
第四章    潛望鏡式鏡頭設計    31
4-1 設計導論    31
4-2 設計規格    31
4-2-1影像感測器(Sensor)    31
4-2-2 變倍比    32
4-2-3像高、半視角、有效焦距計算    32
4-2-4 F-number 訂定    33
4-2-5 MTF 規範    33
4-2-6 |SMTF – TMTF|    34
4-2-7 橫向色差    34
4-2-8光學畸變    34
4-2-9電視畸變    34
4-2-10 相對照度    34
4-2-11 鏡頭長度    35
4-2-12 鏡頭厚度    35
4-2-13 像方主光線角度    35
4-2-14 波長選擇與權重    35
4-2-15 鏡片製造技術    35
4-2-16 鏡頭初階規格設計    37
4-3 起始值選取    38
4-4 設計與優化過程    40
4-4-1 初階規格設定    40
4-4-2改變參數與優化    40
4-4-3特別約束條件設定    42
4-4-4使用者約束條件設定與撰寫    44
4-4-5 調整MTF權重    45
4-4-6 擴大玻璃範圍    46
4-4-7 替換材料    47
第五章    潛望鏡式變焦鏡頭設計結果與討論    48
5-1 優化結果    48
5-1-1 三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    48
5-1-2 三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    52
5-2 鏡頭設計結果    55
5-2-1三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    55
5-2-2三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    56
5-3 成像品質分析    58
5-3-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    58
5-3-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    62
5-4 畸變分析    66
5-4-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    66
5-3-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    68
5-4橫向色差分析    70
5-4-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    70
5-4-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    72
5-5相對照度分析    74
5-5-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    74
5-5-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    75
5-6 ∣SMTF - TMTF∣    76
5-6-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    76
5-5-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    77
5-7 像方主光線分析    79
5-7-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    79
5-7-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    79
5-8設計結果整理    80
5-8-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    80
5-8-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    82
5-9 公差分析    83
5-9-1潛望鏡式三倍變焦一千三百萬畫素鏡頭    84
5-9-2潛望鏡式三倍變焦八百萬畫素鏡頭    89
第六章    稜鏡厚度與鏡片口徑分析    94
6-1影像感測器4：3與16：9    94
6-2直角稜鏡厚度分析    95
6.2-1 圓對稱系統之稜鏡厚度    96
6-2-2  4：3矩形之稜鏡厚度    96
6-2-3 16：9矩形之稜鏡厚度    96
6-3手機機構厚度分析    97
6-3-1圓對稱系統之稜鏡厚度與鏡片口徑    97
6-3-2 4：3矩形影像感測器之稜鏡厚度與鏡片口徑    99
6-3-3 16：9矩形影像感測器之稜鏡厚度與鏡片口徑    100
6-3-4稜鏡厚度與鏡片口徑比較    101
第七章    結論與未來展望    102
參考文獻    104



                                

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