| 研究生: |
江珮羽 Pei-Yu Chiang |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
台灣附近新生氣旋特性之分析 |
| 指導教授: |
江火明
Huo-Ming Jiang |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
地球科學學院 - 大氣物理研究所 Graduate Institute of Atmospheric Physics |
| 畢業學年度: | 90 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 79 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 台灣低壓 地形 鋒面 繞山 過山 位渦 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:14 下載:0 |
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由於台灣地理位置特殊,為一海島型氣候,地形對天氣系統發展與結構改變之作用,是極為重要的;然而,對於台灣地形引發新生低壓(氣旋)的現象,往往難以在24小時前,得到預報的徵兆,並掌握預報的先機;由過去的個案顯示,新生的台灣低壓常帶來天氣的劇變,甚至發生局部地區的豪雨。因此,台灣附近地區新生氣旋的研究與分析,對提高天氣預報以及防災、減災都是相當重要且有意義的。
過去研究較強調梅雨季時帶來豪雨的台灣低壓,少涉及其他季節的新生氣旋;本文利用1996~2000年的東亞天氣圖,統計選出台灣附近的十二個新生氣旋的個案,採用中尺度模式(MM5)進行模擬,並針
對個案的氣流特性做分析,討論新生氣旋的熱力結構及動力過程。
根據氣旋發生的季節、區域與環境氣流場特徵,可將此十二個新生氣旋個案分為五類,即(A)春雨季東北角型、(B)梅雨季東南信風型、(C)梅雨季西南季風型、(D)秋初東北角型、及(E)綠島低壓型。春雨季和梅雨季為新生氣旋最常出現的季節,發生區域多在台灣東北方海面上,且當時均有鋒面通過台灣。
根據數值模擬分析的結果顯示,盛行氣流碰到台灣地形後,繞山產生氣旋式的曲率,或過山在背風面下沉增溫,並加上北來鋒面所帶來的冷空氣,使低層溫度下降,因而垂直穩定度加大,造成位渦距平增加,促使低層渦度增大以釋放穩定度,進而引發氣旋的生成。
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