《小婦人》是一本類似於家庭日記的小說，這是透過作者的真實生活及童年經歷寫成。此篇論文主要是探討四位女主角梅格,喬,伊莉莎白,艾美 (Meg, Jo, Elizabeth, Amy) 自我認同的心理發展。
此篇論文共分成五部分。第一章是介紹本文,說明作者的成長背景以及《小婦人》與作者的關係。此外，在第一章也會提及撰寫本文的動機與目的。 在第二章，闡述青少年在發展自我認同時可能遇到的困境, 藉由弗洛伊德的人格結構理論來探討《小婦人》中角色的人格發展。透過比較喬與梅格不同的選擇來闡述他們的女性自主意識。
第三章中，針對《小婦人》的人物及情節做分析，特別是將喬的特徵與其他的姐妹進行比較。探討喬展現出非女性的氣質，以及她在大多數的劇情中偏離了她那個時代對女性的期望。
實踐自我實現從來就不是一條簡單的事情。在第四章中會針對喬的未來發展,包括她與家人、愛人間的互動來探討她如何實踐自我實現。
最後，在結論部分再次重申本文的主旨：馬奇家姐妹擁有與傳統女性不同的先進思想。此外，透過閱讀小婦人，讀者能瞭解培養自我認同的重要性，亦能自四姐妹的的人生中學習到不同的經驗。

Little Women is a literary work similar in style to a family diary. It is generally based on the real-life and childhood experience of Louisa May Alcott. This thesis mainly applies the psychological theory of self-identification to the analysis of the four main characters, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy.
This thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter is comprised of an introduction to this thesis, explaining the author's background and the relationship between the novel Little Women and the author. In addition, the motivation and purpose of writing this thesis will also be mentioned in the first chapter.
In Chapter II, the dilemma that teenagers encounter when developing self-identity will be explained. In addition, I will use Freud's personality structure to explore the development of the personality of the characters in Little Women. By comparing Jo's and Meg's different choices, this thesis will illustrate their awareness of femininity.
Chapter III examines the characters and the plot, especially comparing the characteristics of Jo with her other sisters. I would like to discuss how Jo displays her unfemale temperament. Her behavior deviates from what is expected of women at that time.
Practicing self-actualization has never been a simple thing for Jo. In Chapter IV, therefore, I will focus on Jo’s future development. The analysis in this chapter includes her interaction with family members and lovers to explore how she practices self-realization.
Finally, the conclusion reiterates the subject of this thesis: The March sisters have advanced ideas that are different from those of traditional women. Moreover, by reading Little Women, readers may understand the importance of developing self-identity, thereby learning from the different experiences and the lives of the four sisters.

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