南海季風不僅是亞洲季風系統的主要組成部分，而且也在鄰近地區和全球的天氣與氣候中扮演重要的作用角色。對台灣而言，梅雨季發生降水系統的活躍程度除了深受梅雨鋒面與局部環流的影響外，也與西南季風的建立與發展息息相關；本研究利用南海季風實驗期間架設於南海北部東沙島上的整合探空系統，分析探討1998年南海季風實驗期間南海北部季風肇始前後邊界層特性的演變、邊界層風場垂直分布的變化特性、水氣輸送和大氣水氣含量的改變以及對流的發展與演變等物理特徵。
研究結果顯示季風肇始前後水氣垂直混合狀況與邊界層發展吻合，但肇始前的邊界層發展日際變化並不一致，且邊界層的發展較肇始後高，而肇始之後邊界層的發展日際變化差異不大。由聲波雷達觀測到的混合邊界層高度，與探空求得之高度雷同。另外由實驗三號探空分析的結果顯示東沙島上所觀測的邊界層發展並不受小島嶼明顯的影響，而聲波雷達及無人飛機的高時間解析觀測資料，可以清楚的描述整個邊界層日夜發展的變化特性。
季風肇始前的晴空期在垂直速度上呈現日間上升運動，夜間為沉降的相反特性，然而在肇始後夜間卻仍出現上升運動的特性。在降雨發生前200-400公尺的近地層平均上升速度為0.5m/s，其他高度層則為均勻的亂流特性。降雨下降速度則因降雨型態不同而有所差異，在弱降雨時1公里以下的降雨速度平均為3-4m/s。強降雨時，若有強烈空氣上升，則降雨在2公里以下的下降速度會因大雨滴的下降速度及冷空氣下衝氣流加成而維持6-7m/s，同時在地面會觀測到溫度及溼度驟降情形，低層水平風在降雨前後亦會隨著下衝氣流外流而轉變；若空氣上升速度不明顯對流不旺盛，則低層2公里以下，降雨的下降速度大約只有3-4m/s左右。

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