探討地體架構和地質演化的重要資訊就是了解研究區域內的地殼構造，尤其是對地體構造相對複雜的歐亞大陸東南邊緣的台灣造山帶地區，及其鄰近的區域。本研究結合了來自TAIGER (TAiwan Integrated GEodynamic Research) 計畫和ATSEE (Across Taiwan Strait Explosion Experiment) 計畫資料庫的資料，藉以解析中國大陸東南地區從武夷-雲開造山帶至台灣造山帶，跨越海陸交界的深部地殼地震剖面。
在結果的速度模型中，共有三個剖面被解析出來，最長的剖面可以達到850 km。與二維或三維速度層析法的初達波走時逆推不同的是，本研究不僅使用初達的折射波，同時也使用晚到的反射波訊號 (包含Pg、Pn、PcP和PmP)來進行走時模擬，以求得地殼構造與反射層邊界。在模擬過程中，共選取了40個主動性震源、2個天然地震和將近1,950個測站所產生的訊號，使得從北、中、南三條東西向的剖面上約有15,612個震波到時被擷取出來使用。
利用這些資料，本研究提出了從古生代開始福建中部地區中生代張裂盆地的閉合構造、中生代福建東南沿海由於南中國海擴張所造成的張裂構造和到目前仍在作用中的台灣造山帶碰撞構造的地球物理證據。根據結果可以整理出莫荷面的形貌大致如下所述：在福建西部約為30 km深，向東至福建中部增厚到約35 km深，至台灣海峽則減薄到約28 km深，進入台灣造山帶則又增厚到約42 km深，最後，往東至太平洋西部則又再次減薄到約10 km深。

Knowledge of the crustal structure is important for understanding the tectonic framework and geological evolution of Taiwan orogeny and its adjacent areas in the southeastern Eurasian plate. In this study, we integrated the datasets from the TAIGER (TAiwan Integrated GEodynamic Research) and ATSEE (Across Taiwan Strait Explosion Experiment) projects to resolve onshore-offshore deep crustal seismic profiles from the Wuyi-Yunkai orogen to the Taiwan orogen in southeastern China.
Three seismic profiles were resolved, and the longest profile was 850 km. Unlike 2D and 3D first arrival travel-time tomography from previous studies, we used both refracted and reflected phases (Pg, Pn, PcP, and PmP) to model the crustal structures and the crustal reflectors. In total, data from 40 shots, 2 earthquakes, and approximately 1,950 stations were used; 15,612 arrivals were selected among three transects.
By using these data, we determined the complex crustal evolution since the Paleozoic era, involving the closed Paleozoic rift basin in central Fujian, the Cenozoic extension due to the South China Sea opening beneath the coastline of southern Fujian, and the on-going collision of the Taiwan orogen. The shape of the Moho, which also reflects the crustal evolution, can be summarized as follows: ~30 km deep to the west of Fujian, deepening toward central Fujian (~35 km), becoming shallower toward the Taiwan Strait (~28 km), deepening again toward the mountain belt of Taiwan (~42 km), and becoming shallower toward the Pacific Ocean (~10 km).

英文期刊：
Ai, T. S., Q. F. Chen, F. Zeng, X. Hong, and W. Y. Ye, “The crust and upper mantle structure beneath southeastern China”, Earth and Planetary Sci. Lett., Vol. 260, pp. 549-563, June 2007.
Angelier J., H. T. Chu, and J. C. Lee, “Shear concentration in a collision zone: kinematics of the Chihshang fault as revealed by outcrop-scale quantification of active faulting, Longitudinal Valley, eastern Taiwan”, Tectonophysics, Vol. 274, pp. 117-143, 1997.
Bertrand, E. A., M. J. Unsworth, C. W. Chiang, C. S. Chen, C. C. Chen, F. T. Wu, E. Tu ̈rkog ́lu, H. L. Hsu, and G. J. Hill, “Magnetotelluric imaging beneath the Taiwan orogen: an arc-continent collision”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 117, B01402, 2012.
Biq, C. C., “The east Taiwan rift”, Petrol. Geol. Taiwan, Vol. 4, 93-106, 1965.
Biq, C. C, “Some aspects of post-orogenic block tectonic in Taiwan—Recent crustal movements”, Royal Soc. New Zealand Bull., Vol. 9, pp. 19-24, 1971.
Cai, H. T., H. Kuo-Chen, X. Jin, C. Y. Wang, B. S. Huang, and H. Y. Yen, “A three-dimensional Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs crustal structure in Fujian, Southeast China, from active- and passive- source experiments”, J. of Asian Earth Sci., Vol. 111, pp. 517-527, June 2015(a).
Cai, H. T., H. Kuo-Chen, W. B. Doo, C. P. Chang, X. Jin, Y. W. Kuo, C. Y. Wang, and W. S. Chen, “Geophysical evidence for the ancient suture within the Cathaysia block”, Gondwana Research, submitted, 2015(b).
Chai, Bruce H. T., “Structure and tectonic evolution of Taiwan”, American J. of Sci., Vol. 272, pp. 389-422, May 1972.
Charvet, J., “The Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the South China block: an overview”, J. of Asian Earth Sci., Vol. 74, pp. 198-209, March 2013.
Chen, W. S., H. C. Yang, X. Wang, and H. Huang, “Tectonic setting and exhumation history of the Pingtan-Dongshan metamorphic belt along the coastal area, Fujian Province, southeast China”, J. of Asian Earth Sci., Vol. 20, pp. 829-840, 2002
Eakin, D. H., K. D. McIntosh, H. J. A. Van Avendonk, L. Lavier, R. Lester, C. S. Liu, and C. S. Lee, “Crustal-scale seismic profiles across the Manila subduction zone: the transition from intraoceanic subduction to incipient collision”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 119, pp. 1-17, 2014.
Hole, J. A., “Nonlinear high-resolution three-dimensional seismic travel time tomography”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 97, No. B5, pp. 6553-6562, May 1992.
Hsieh, H. H., H. Y. Yen, and M. H. Shih, “Moho depth derived from gravity data in the Taiwan Strait area”, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 235-241, April 2010.
Hsieh, S. H., “Geology and gravity anomalies of the Pingtung Plain”, Proc. Geol. Soc. China(Taiwan), No. 13, pp. 76-89, 1970.
Hsu, T. L., “Recent faulting in the Longitudinal Valley of eastern Taiwan”, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, No. 1, pp. 95-102, 1962.
Huang, B. S., K. C. Chen, K. L. Wang, and H. Y. Yen, “Velocities of Pn-Waves in the Taiwan Strait and Its Surrounding Area from Regional Earthquakes”, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 473-486, September 1998.
Huang, H. H., Y. M. Wu, X. S. Song, C. H. Chang, S. J. Lee, T. M. Chang, and H. H. Hsieh, “Joint Vp and Vs tomography of Taiwan: implications for subduction-collision orogeny”, Earth and Planetary Sci. Lett., Vol. 392, pp. 177-191, March 2014.
Jahn, B. M., P. Y. Chen, and T. P. Yen, “Rb-Sr ages of granitic rocks in southeastern China and their tectonic significance”, Geol. Soc. of America Bull., Vol. 86, pp. 763-776, May 1976.
Kim, K. H., J. M. Chiu, J. Pujol, K. C. Chen, B. S. Huang, Y. H. Yeh, and P. Shen , “Three-dimensional Vp and Vs structural model associated with the active subduction and collision tectonics in the Taiwan region”, Geophys. J. Int., 162, pp. 204– 220, 2005.
Kuo-Chen, H., F. T. Wu, D. Okaya, B. S. Huang, and W. T. Liang, “SKS/SKKS splitting and Taiwan orogeny”, Geophy. Res. Lett., Vol. 36, L12303, June 2009.
Kuo-Chen, H., F. T. Wu, and S. W. Roecker, “Three-dimensional P velocity structures of the lithosphere beneath Taiwan from the analysis of TAIGER and related seismic data sets”, J of Geophys. Res., Vol. 117, JB009108, 2012(a).
Kuo-Chen, H., F. T. Wu, D. M. Jenkins, J. Mechie, S. W. Roecker, C. Y. Wang, and B. S. Huang, “Seismic evidence for the α-β quartz transition beneath Taiwan from Vp/Vs tomography”, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 39, L22302, November 2012(b).
Kuo-Chen, H., P. S ́roda, F. T. Wu, C. Y. Wang, and Y. W. Kuo, “Seismic anisotropy of the upper crust in the mountain ranges of Taiwan from the TAIGER explosion experiment”, Terr. Atmos. Ocaen. Sci., Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 963-970, December 2013.
Kuo-Chen, H., F. T. Wu, W. L. Chang, C. Y. Chang, C. Y. Cheng, and N. Hirata, “Is the Lishan fault of Taiwan active?”, Tectonophysics, Vol. 661, pp. 210-214, October 2015.
Lester, R., and K. McIntosh, “Multiple attenuation in crustal-scale imaging: examples from the TAIGER marine reflection data set”, Marine Geophys. Res., Vol. 33, pp. 289-305, April 2012(a).
Lester, R., L. L. Lavier, K. McIntosh, H. J. A. Van Avendonk, and F. T. Wu, “Active extension in Taiwan’s precollision zone: a new model of plate bending in continental crust”, Geology, Vol. 40, pp. 831-834, 2012(b).
Lester, R., K. McIntosh, H. J. A. Van Avendonk, L. L. Lavier, C. S. Liu, and T. K. Wang, “Crustal accretion in the Manila trench accretionary wedge at the transition from subduction to mountain-building in Taiwan”, Earth and Planetary Sci. Lett., Vol. 375, pp. 430-440, June 2013.
Li, Q. S., R. Gao, F. T. Wu, Y. Guan, Z. Ye, Q. M. Liu, H. Kuo-Chen, R. Z. He, W. H. Li, and X. Z. Shen, “Seismic structure in the southeastern China using teleseismic receiver functions”, Tectonophysics, Vol. 606, pp. 24-35, June 2013.
Lin, A. T., and A. B. Watts, “Origin of the west Taiwan basin by orogenic loading and flexure of a rifted continental margin”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 107, No. B9, 2185, September 2002.
Lin, A. T., A. B. Watts, and S. P. Hesselbo, “Cenozoic stratigraphy and subsidence history of the South China Sea margin in the Taiwan region”, Basin Research, Vol. 15, pp. 453-478, 2003.
Ma, K. F., J. H. Wang, and D. Zhao, “Three dimensional seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Taiwan”, J. Phys. Earth, Vol. 44, pp. 85-105, 1996.
Ma, K. F., and D. R. Song, “Pn Velocity and Moho Depth in Taiwan”, J. of the Geol. Soc. of China, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 167-184, 1997.
McIntosh, K., Y. Nakamura, T. K. Wang, R. C. Shih, A. Chen and C. S. Liu, “Crustal-scale seismic profiles across Taiwan and the western Philippine Sea”, Tectonophysics, 401, pp. 23-54, 2005.
McIntosh, K., C. S. Liu, and C. S. Lee, “Introduction to the TAIGER special issue of Marine Geophysical Research”, Marine Geophys. Res., Vol. 33, pp. 285-287, 2012.
McIntosh, K., H. Van Avendonk, L. Lavier, W. R. Lester, D. Eakin, F. T. Wu, C. S. Liu, and C. S. Lee, “Inversion of a hyper-extended rifted margin in the southern Central Ranges of Taiwan”, Geology, Vol. 41, pp. 871-874, 2013.
McIntosh, K., L. Lavier, H. Van Avendonk, R. Lester, D. Eakin, “Crustal structures and inferred rifting processes in the northeast South China Sea”, Marine and Petrol. Geol., Vol. 58, pp. 616-626, March 2014.
Nance, R. D., and J. B. Murphy, “Origins of the supercontinent cycle”, Geoscience Frontiers, Vol. 4, pp. 439-448, January 2013.
Okaya, D., S. Henrys, and T. Stern, “Double-sided onshore-offshore seismic imaging of a plate boundary: “super-gather” across South Island, New Zealand”, Tectonophysics, Vol. 355, pp. 247-263, 2002.
Rau, R. J., and F. T. Wu, “Tomographic imaging of lithospheric structures under Taiwan, Earth Planet”, Sci. Lett., 135, pp. 517-532, 1995.
Roecker S. W., Y. H. Yeh, and Y. B. Tsai, “Three-dimensional P and S wave velocity structures beneath Taiwan: Deep structurebeneath an arc-continent collision”, J. of Geophys. Res., 92, pp. 10547-10570, 1987.
Scherwath, M., T. Stern, F. Davey, D. Okaya, W. S. Holbrook, R. Davies, and S. Kleffmann, “Lithospheric structure across oblique continental collision in New Zealand from wide-angle P wave modeling”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 108, No. B12, 2566, 2003.
Shih, R. C., C. H. Lin, H. L. Lai, Y. H. Yeh, B. S. Huang, and H. Y. Yen, “Preliminary crustal structures across central Taiwan from modeling of the onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic data”, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 9, No. 3, 317-328, Sep. 1998.
Shyu, J. B. H., K. Shih, and Y. G. Chen, “Tandom suturing and disarticulation of the Taiwan orogeny revealed by its neotectonic elements”, Earth and Planetary Sci. Lett., Vol. 233, pp. 167-177, 2005.
Suppe, J., “Mechanics of mountain-building and metamorphism in Taiwan, Papers presented at ROC-USA seminar on plate tectonics and metamorphic geology”, Memoir of the Feolofical Soc. of China, 4, pp. 67-89, 1981.
Tapponnier, P. and P. Molnar, “Active faulting and tectonics in China”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 82, No. 20, pp. 2905-2929, July 1977.
Van Avendonk, H. J. A., H. Kuo-Chen, K. D. Mdntosh, L. L. Lavier, D. A. Okaya, F. T. Wu, C. Y. Wang, C. S. Lee, and C. S. Liu, “Deep crustal structure of an arc-continent collision: constraints from seismic traveltimes in central Taiwan and the Philippine Sea”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 119, pp. 8397-8416, November 2014.
Wang, C. Y., and T. C. Shin, “Illustrating 100 years of Taiwan seismicity”, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 589–614, December 1998.
Wegener, “Die Herausbildung der Grossformen der Erdrinde (Kontinenteund Ozeane)”, auf geophysikalischer Grundlage. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, 58, 185-195. 253-256, 305-309, 1912.
Wilson, J. T., “Did the Atlantic Ocean close and then re-open?”, Nature, 211, 676-681, 1966.
Wu, F.T., H. Kuo-Chen, and K. D. McIntosh, “Subsurface imaging, TAIGER experiment and tectonic models of Taiwan”, J. of Asian Earth Sci., Vol. 90, pp. 173–208, 2014.
Wu, Y. M., C. H. Chang, L. Zhao, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Y. G. Chen, K. Sieh, and J. P. Avouac, “Seismic tomography of Taiwan: Improved constraints from a dense network of string motion stations”, J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 112, B08312, 14 pages, 2007.
Xu, X. S., S. Y. O’Reilly, W. L. Griffin, X. L. Wang, N. J. Pearson, and Z. Y. He, “The crust of Cathaysia: age, assembly, and reworking of two terranes”, Precambrian Research, Vol. 158, pp. 51-78, April 2007.
Yeh, Y.H., R. C. Shih, C. H. Lin, C. C. Liu, H. Y. Yen, B. S. Huang, C. S. Liu, P. Z. Chen, C. S. Huang, C. J. Wu, and F. T. Wu, “Onshore/offshore wide-angle deep seismic profiling in Taiwan”, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 301–316, September 1998.
Yu, S. B., Y. T. Yeh, and Y. B. Tsai, “Microearthquake activity in southwestern Taiwan”, Bull. Inst. Earth Sci. Academica Sinica, Vol. 3, pp. 71-85, 1983.
Yu, S. B., H. Y. Chen, L. C. Kuo, S. E. Lallemand, and H. H. Tsien, “Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area”, Tectonophysics, 274(1–3), pp. 41–59, 1997.
Zelt, C. A., and R. M. Ellis, “Practical and Efficient Ray Tracing in Two-Dimensional Media for Rapid Travel Time and Amplitude Forward Modelling”, Canadian J. of Exploration Geophys., Vol. 24, No. 1, P. 16-31, 1988.
Zelt, C. A., and R. B. Smith, “Seismic traveltime inversion for a 2D crustal velocity structure”, Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 108, pp. 16– 34, 1992.
Zelt, C. A., and D. A. Forsyth, “Modeling wide-angle seismic data for crustal structure: southeastern Grenville Province”, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 9, No. B6, pp. 11687-11704, June 1994.
Zelt, C. A., “Modelling strategies and model assessment for wide-angle seismic traveltime data”, Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 139, pp. 183-204, June 1999.
Zelt, C. A., K. Sain, J. V. Naumenko, and D. S. Sawyer, “Assessment of crustal velocity models using seismic refraction and reflection tomography”, Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 153, pp. 609-626, 2003.
Zheng, H. W., R. Gao, T. D. Li, Q. S. Li, and R. Z. He, “Collisional tectonics between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates from tomography evidences in Southeast China”, Tectonophysics, Vol. 606, pp. 14-23, March 2013.
英文書籍：
C ̌erveny ́, V., Molotkov, I. A., and Ps ̌enc ̌i ́k, I., Ray method in seismology, Univerzita Karlova, Praha, 1977.
C ̌erveny ́, V., Seismic Ray Theory, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2001.
Frisch, W., Meschede, M., & Blakey, R., Plate Tectonics – Continental Drift and Mountain Building, Springer, Heidelberg, 2011.
Grabau, A. W., Stratigraphy of China – Part I : Paleozoic and Older, Geological Survey, Peking, 1924.
Lay, T., and Wallace T. C., Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995.
Menke, W., Revised Edition, Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse Theory, Academic Press, San Diego, 1989.
中文期刊 (按筆畫排序)：
水汀、閻晉英、施華生、潘明寶和王敬東，「政和-大埔斷裂帶基本特徵及其演化模式」，火山地質與礦產，14(2)，53-62頁，1993年5月。
毛建仁、房子龍和葉海敏，「華南中生代構造-岩漿活動研究：現狀與前景」，中國科學：地球科學，44(12)，2593-2617頁，2014年11月。
邢光福、盧清地、姜楊、聶童春、陳榮、馮豔芳、陳志洪、余明剛、李春海、黃家龍和柯學，「閩東南長樂-南澳斷裂帶”片麻狀”漿混雜岩的釐定及其地質意義」，地質通報，29(1)，2010年1月。
呂浩江，「金門東南海域中強地震活動區的地震構造背景」，地震地質，22(2)，104-110頁，2000年6月。
李兼海，「福建省構造運動、構造層劃分及其主要特徵」，福建地質，17(3)，115-130頁，1998年2月。
李霞，「福建省大地構造單元劃分及基本特徵」，世界地質，32(3)，549-557頁，2013年9月。
周碩愚、吳云、施順英和楊福平，「中國大陸東南邊緣海現時地殼運動與地震動力學綜合研究」，地殼形變與地震，21(1)，1-14頁，2001年2月。
陳文山、林益正、顏一勤、楊志成、紀權窅、黃能偉、林啟文、林偉雄、侯進雄、劉彥求、林燕慧、石同生和盧詩丁，「從古地震研究與GPS資料探討縱谷斷層的分段意義」，經濟部中央地質調查所特刊，20，165-191頁，2008年5月 (民國九十七年) 。
陳肇夏、朱傚祖和莊德永，「臺灣中央山脈的一些構造問題」，經濟部中央地質調查所彙刊，2，1-16頁，1983年。
舒良樹，「華南構造演化的基本特徵」，地質通報，31(7)，1035-1053頁，2012年7月。
劉大任，「邵武-河源斷裂帶活動性及分段評價」，地質力學通報，2，54-60頁，1997年。
劉彥求、林啟文、鄭力瑋和陳柏村，「池上斷層」，經濟部中央地質調查所活動斷層調查報告，39，2005 年1月 (民國九十四年) 。
顏一勤、紀權窅和陳柏村，「潮州斷層」，經濟部中央地質調查所活動斷層調查報告，33，2006 年1月 (民國九十五年) 。
中文書籍 (按筆畫排序)：
王乾盈，地利小型炸測前導實驗之成果報告，科技部，2006年。
王乾盈，2008年二月之TAIGER計劃工作手冊，國立中央大學地球物理研究所淺層反射震測實驗室，中壢，2008年。
王乾盈，2009年三月之TAIGER計劃工作手冊，國立中央大學地球物理研究所淺層反射震測實驗室，中壢，2009年。
王乾盈，TAIGER計劃之成果報告，科技部，台北，2010年。
王乾盈，2010年8月之ATSEE計劃工作手冊，國立中央大學地球物理研究所淺層反射震測實驗室，中壢，2010年。
王乾盈，ATSEE計劃第一年之成果報告，科技部，台北，2010年。
王乾盈，2011年7月之ATSEE計劃工作手冊，國立中央大學地球物理研究所淺層反射震測實驗室，中壢，2011年。
王乾盈，ATSEE計劃第二年之成果報告，科技部，台北，2011年。
王乾盈，2012年7月之ATSEE計劃工作手冊，國立中央大學地球物理研究所淺層反射震測實驗室，中壢，2012年。
王乾盈，ATSEE計劃第三年之成果報告，科技部，台北，2012年。
中國地球物理學會教育委員會，地球物理學概論，中國地球物理學會，1998年。
何春蓀，台灣地質概論-台灣地質圖說明書，二版，經濟部中央地質調查所，新北市，2006年。
福建省地方志編篡委會編，福建省志-地震志，中國社會科學出版社，北京，2001年。
學位論文 (按筆畫排序)：
王筱嵐，「台灣區域地殼及上部地函構造之接收函數研究」，國立中正大學，博士論文，2010年 。
沈嘉蕙，「以波線追跡法研究西北線型地震帶之速度構造」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，2000年。
唐啟家，「從徑向接收函數及觸發型地震探討台灣之地殼構造」，國立中正大學，博士論文，2010年 。