| 研究生: |
陳韋立 wei-li Chen |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
大氣及水樣中揮發性有機氣體自動化分析技術之建立及應用 |
| 指導教授: |
王家麟
Jia-Lin Wang |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
理學院 - 化學學系 Department of Chemistry |
| 畢業學年度: | 88 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 150 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 揮發性有機氣體 、氣相層析儀 、火焰離子偵檢器 、電子捕獲偵檢器 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | VOCs, GC, FID, ECD |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:8 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
分析水樣時,系統利用氣動閥門組來控制樣品的吹氣捕捉及注射,並且利用可設定多段昇溫程式的電晶控溫器來準確控制吸附管捕捉及注射時的溫度,再經由視窗界面的自動控制軟體平台上撰寫Visual Basic指令,以控制整個分析流程,可準確的在設定時間下完成閥門的動作、吸附管吸、脫附的昇降溫及層析儀的啟動,以避免吹氣捕捉裝置的殘氣干擾或者其他的人為誤差。採用疏水性質的吸附劑,可以避免水氣的干擾。此系統可針對各種不同樣品如:人體尿液、牛奶、生化樣品、及其他水樣品進行自動分析,並且可以搭配不同廠牌層析儀及偵檢器進行選擇性偵測。在分析不同濃度標準品時具有良好的線性關係(R2=0.99之上)。本系統具有優良的線性關係、低殘留、及較不受水氣的干擾等優點。
而在大氣樣品的分析部份,利用自行設計組裝完成之前濃縮裝置,在完全不須使用任何液態氮降溫的情況之下,可以針對開放大氣或者是採樣罐中的C2到C12中數十種以上之碳氫化合物進行同時自動化的分析監測,每一次的分析時間在60分鐘之內完成,而且不須任何除水裝置。
裝置中包含兩組捕捉裝置,利用不同性質的吸附劑,在-30℃及室溫30℃時分別針對低碳數及高碳數的碳氫化合物進行捕捉,而控溫方面則利用具有PID(Proportional, Integral, Derivative)功能之微處理程序控溫器準確的控制吸附管吸附及脫附時的溫度,再分別熱脫附至Al2O3/KCl PLOT管柱來分離低碳物種(C2-C6),DB-1管柱分離高碳物種(C6-C12),充分地使用到PLOT及WCOT管柱的優點,並於個別管柱的缺失處互補之,分離後再以兩具火焰離子偵測器(FID)進行同時偵測。
在此裝置中,無論是在樣品前濃縮部份或者是在管柱聚焦方面均無須使用任何冷凍劑,因此免除了大量液態氮的使用,對於架設測站後的後勤補給的方便性上有相當大助益,並且可以得到相當良好的解析度及精確性,相較於商業儀器也有價格低廉的優點,因此對於設置VOCs無人監測網確實是一大利器,也在臭氧前驅物的研究上提供了即時的監測工具。而在2000/3-2000/5亦將此儀器架設於中央氣象局之氣象測站中,進行連續一個半月的連續無人量測,而量測所得的結果與其他污染物如NOx、CO的比對相當吻合,而且搭配氣象因子的比對,也可以解釋高污染事件的來源及成因。
[1] P. Bermo, V. Bonamin, C. Gianoli, “Trace analysis of VOCs in City air”, HP-Peak, 3(1997)2-4
[2] 金海鑫, “非甲烷碳氫化合物分析系統之建立與實際大氣量測”, 碩士論文, 中央大學, 1997
[3] R. Kostiainen, “Volatile organic compounds in the indoor air of normal and sick houses”, 29(1995)693-702
[4] R. Kostiainen, T. Kotiaho, I. Mattila, T. Mansikka, M. Ojala, R. A. Ketola, “Analysis of volatile organic compounds in water and soil samples by purge and membrane mass spectrometry”, Anal. Chem. 70(1997)3028-3032
[5] D. F. Hurst, B. S. Bakwin, J. W. Elkius, “Recent trends in the variability of halogenated trace gas over the United States”, J. Geophy. Res., 103(1998)25299-25306
[6] S. Howeling, F. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, “The impact of nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds on tropospheric photochemistry”, J. Geophy. Res., 103(1998)10673-10696
[7] J. L. Seinfeld, “”, Atmospheric chemistry and physics of pollution, 1986
[8] J. L. Wang, W. H. Ding, T. Y. Chen, “Source determination of light non-methane hydrocarbons by simultaneous multi-site sampling in a metropolitan area”, 1999
[9] 行政院環境保護署環境保護人員訓練所, “半導體製造業空氣污染管制及排放標準”, 空氣污染防治法規, 2000/3, 319-327
[10] R. S. Stolarski, R. J. Cicerone, “Stratospheric chlorine : A possible sink for ozone”, Can. J. Chem., 51(1974)1610
[11] M. J. Molina, F. S. Roland, “Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes : Chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone”, Nature, 249(1974)810
[12] A. F. Mckinlay, B. L. Diffey, “A reference spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human sink. Human Exposure to ULTRAVIOLET radiation”, Risks and regulations, W. F. Passchier and B. F. Bosnajakovic, Eds., Elsevier, (1987)83-87
[13] J. W. Elkins, T. M. Thompson, T. H. Swanson, J. H. Butler, B. D. Hall, S. O. Cummings, D. A. Fisher, A. G. Raffo, ”Decrease in the growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12”, 364(1993)780-783
[14] J. L. Wang, C. J. Chang, W. D. Chang, C. Chew, S. W. Chen, “Construction and evaluation of automated gas chromatography for the measurement of anthropogenic halocarbons in the atmosphere”, J. Chromatography A. 844(1999)259-269
[15] J. L. Wang, S. W. Chen, C. Chew, “Automated gas chromatography with cryogenic/sorbent trap for the measurement of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere” J. Chromatography A. 863(1999)183-193
[16] Mattew R. Bassford, Peter G. Simmonds, G. Nickless, “An automated system for near-real-time monitoring of trace atmospheric halocarbon”, Anal. Chem., 70(1998)958-965
[17] M. Holdren, S. Danhof, M. Grassi, J. Stets, B. Keigley, V. Woodruff, “Development and evaluation of a thermoelectric cold trap for the gas chromatographic analysis of atmospheric compounds” Anal. Chem., 70(1998)4836-4840
[18] Zhenghya Ji, Ronald E. Majors, Edward J. Guthrie, “Review : Porous layer open-tubular capillary columns : prepations, applications and future directions” J. Chromatography A. 842(1999)115-142
[19] WHO. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to human, 20(1979)491
[20] K. D. Oliver, J. R. Adams, E. H. Daughtrey Jr., W.A. McClenny, M. J. Yoong, M. A. Pardee, “Technique for monitoring ozone precursor hydrocarbons in air at photochemical assessment monitoring stations: sorbent preconcentration, closed-cycle cooler cryofocusing, and GC-FID analysis”, Atmos. Environ. 30(1996)686-690
[21] M. Biziuk, J. Namiesnik, J. Czewinski, D. Gorlo, B. Makuch, W. Janicki, Z. Polkowska, L. Wolska, “Occurrence and determination of organic pollutants in tap and surface waters of the Gdansk district”, J. Chromatography A. 733(1996)171-183
[22] R. A. Ketola, V. T. Virkki, M. Ojala, V. Komppa, T. Kotiaho, “Comparison of different methods for the determination of volatile organic compounds in water samples”, Talanta 44(1997)373-382
[23] A. P. Bianchi, M. S. Varney, “Volatile organic compounds in the surface waters of a British estuary. Part 1. Occurrence, distribution and variation”, Water Res. 32(1998)352-370
[24] L. Lepine, Jean-Francois Archambault, “parts-per-trillion determination of trihalomethanes in water by purge-and trap gas chromatography with electron capture detection”, Anal. Chem. 64(1992)810-814
[25] J. Dewulf, H. Van Langenhove, “Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in ambient air and natural waters : a review on recent developments of analytical methodology, performance and interpretation of field measurements”, J. Chromatography A. 843(1999)163-177
[26] V. T. Virkki, R. A. Ketola, M. Ojala, T. Kotiaho, V. Komppa, A. Grove, S. Facchetti,””, Anal. Chem. 67(1995)1421-1425
[27] M. Habram, J. Slemr, “Development of a dual capillary column GC method for the trace determination of C2-C9 hydrocarbons in ambient air”, J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 21(1998)209-214
[28] J. Dewulf, H. Van Langenhove, “Analytical techniques for the determination and measurement data of 7 chlorinated C1- and C2-hydrocarbons and 6 monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in remote air masses: an overview”, Atmos. Environ. 31 (1997) 3291-3307
[29] E. Woolfenden, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 47 (1997) 20-36
[30] N. Moschonas, S. Glavas, “C3-C10 hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Athens, Greece” Atmos. Environ. 30(1996)2769-2772
[31] G. Subramanian, “Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring Instrumental Methods”, Provided by The Perkin-Elmer-Corporation GC-148, (1995)
[32] I. Seeley, “auto GC system for enhanced ozone monitoring network”, Measurement of toxic and related air pollutants, (1994)187-192
[33] J. L. Wang, W. L. Chen, Y. H. Lin, C. H. Tsai, “Cryogen free automated gas chromatography for the measurement of ambient volatile organic compounds ”, J. Chromatography A., (2000)