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研究生： 張書豪
Chu-Hau Chang
論文名稱： 以活性碳吸附煙道排氣中戴奧辛之初步研究
Preliminary Study on the Adsorption Characteristics of Gaseous PCDD/Fs with Activated Carbon
指導教授： 張木彬
Moo-Been Chang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 環境工程研究所
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
畢業學年度： 88
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 111
中文關鍵詞： 活性碳吸附 、戴奧辛 、競爭吸附 、去鹵化反應
外文關鍵詞： AC-based adsorption, PCDD/Fs, competition effect, dechlorination
相關次數： 點閱：11  下載：0 
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    • 目 錄 第一章 前言 1 1.1. 研究緣起 1 1.2. 研究目的與範疇 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2.1. 焚化過程中戴奧辛的生成機制 4 2.2. 台灣地區都市垃圾焚化廠戴奧辛排放特性分析 8 2.3. 減少焚化過程中戴奧辛之排放 10 2.4. 煙道排氣中戴奧辛之控制技術 13 2.4.1. 焚化系統中戴奧辛可能的抑制機制 13 2.4.2. 以觸媒去除煙道氣中之戴奧辛 17 2.4.3. 以活性碳去除煙道氣中之戴奧辛 22 2.4.3.1. 注入氣流式之活性碳吸附技術 23 2.4.3.2. 固定床式之活性碳吸附技術 27 2.4.3.3. 流動床式之活性碳吸附技術 28 第三章 研究方法與設備 31 3.1. 研究方法之流程設計 31 3.2. 實驗藥品及試劑 32 3.3. 實驗材料與設備 34 3.4. 戴奧辛分析 36 3.4.1. 樣品前處理 36 3.4.2. 儀器分析條件之設定 42 3.5. 活性碳之選用及物化性質測定 45 3.5.1. 活性碳之選用及前處理 45 3.5.2. 活性碳之金屬含量測定 45 3.5.3. 活性碳之比表面積測定 46 3.5.4. 活性碳之組成元素分析 46 3.6. 實驗設計 47 3.6.1. 吸附系統概述 47 3.6.1.1. 動態吸附系統概述 47 3.6.1.2. 批次吸附系統概述 50 3.6.2. 吸附實驗之操作參數選定 52 第四章 結果與討論 55 4.1. HRGC/LRMS調機規範 55 4.1.1. GC滯留時間窗建立 55 4.1.2. 檢量線建立與起始校正 57 4.1.3. GC層析管柱解析度測試 57 4.1.4. 儀器靈敏度測試(雜訊比規範) 59 4.1.5. 檢量線離子強度比與相對感應因子計算 62 4.1.6. 滯留時間測試 62 4.1.7. 檢量線持續校正 64 4.2. 活性碳基本性質分析 66 4.2.1. 活性碳物理特性分析 66 4.2.2. 活性碳元素分析 67 4.3. 以活性碳去除煙道排氣中戴奧辛之研究 68 4.3.1. 動態吸附實驗 69 4.3.1.1. 溫度條件對活性碳吸附戴奧辛之影響 71 4.3.1.2. 水氣條件對活性碳吸附戴奧辛之影響 75 4.3.1.3. 雙成份吸附實驗 78 4.3.2. 批次吸附實驗 81 4.3.2.1. 戴奧辛吸附在活性碳過程中的化學反應 81 4.3.2.2. 戴奧辛前驅物質吸附在活性碳過程 中的化學反應 90 第五章 結論與建議 99 5.1. 結論 99 5.1.1. 動態吸附實驗 99 5.1.2. 批次吸附實驗 100 5.2. 建議 102 參考文獻 103 表 目 錄 表2-1 國內都市垃圾焚化廠戴奧辛採樣分析結果 8 表2-2 煙道氣中觸媒對於戴奧辛的去除率 19 表2-3 三種活性碳吸附設備之操作說明與比較 22 表2-4 Evaluation of AIPAC in a full scale incinerator 24 表3-1 各衍生物之時窗分佈區 44 表3-2 動態吸附實驗之實驗參數 54 表3-3 批次吸附實驗之實驗參數 54 表4-1 戴奧辛校正液組成 58 表4-2 戴奧辛啟始檢量線相對感應因子 63 表4-3 檢量線起始校正之回收標準品滯留時間測試結果 64 表4-4 檢量線持續校正之差異度 65 表4-5 三種活性碳的表面結構分析 66 表4-6 三種活性碳之主要組成元素分析及微量金屬分析 68 表4-7 動態吸附實驗之設定條件－溫度因子 71 表4-8 動態吸附實驗之基本操作條件表－溫度參數 77 表4-9 活性碳在不同溫度及水氣條件下對1,2,3,4-TCDD 之飽和吸附量 77 表4-10 動態吸附實驗之基本操作條件表－雙成份參數 79 表4-11 批次吸附實驗之基本操作條件表－溫度條件 83 表4-12 130℃時1,2,3,4-TCDD及OCDD在活性碳中的物種 變化情形 85 表4-13 160℃時1,2,3,4-TCDD及OCDD在活性碳中的物種 變化情形 86 表4-14 200℃時1,2,3,4-TCDD及OCDD在活性碳中的物種 變化情形 87 表4-15 批次吸附實驗之基本操作條件表－水氣條件 88 表4-16 水氣條件對OCDD在ACF中的物種變化情形 89 表4-17 水氣條件對OCDD在GAC-C中的物種變化情形 89 表4-18 水氣條件對OCDD在GAC-B中的物種變化情形 90 表4-19 批次吸附實驗之基本操作條件表－前驅物添加 91 表4-20 2,3,4,6-四氯酚在活性碳中生成戴奧辛的物種分 佈及轉換率 94 圖 目 錄 圖2-1 焚化系統中戴奧辛生成之可能途徑 7 圖2-2 APCD之操作溫度與戴奧辛排放濃度之關係圖 12 圖2-3 煙道排氣中S/Cl比值與戴奧辛排放濃度之關係圖 17 圖2-4 焚化系統中SCR系統配置之形式 18 圖2-5 戴奧辛物種與活化能之關係圖 19 圖2-6 觸媒溫度與戴奧辛物種去除效率關係圖 20 圖2-7活性碳注入量與煙道氣流中及飛灰上之戴奧 辛含量關係圖 24 圖2-8 Reduction of PCDD/Fs formation catalytic activity of activated carbon by alkaline impregnation 24 圖2-9 Correlation of dust and dioxin removal 25 圖2-10 MBAC之處理程序及相關設備 29 圖3-1 戴奧辛分析流程圖 38 圖3-2 戴奧辛樣品前處理之酸性矽膠管柱 39 圖3-3 戴奧辛樣品前處理之酸性氧化鋁 40 圖3-4 戴奧辛樣品前處理之活性碳管柱 41 圖4-1 時窗決定及異構物選別標準品時窗圖 56 圖4-2 層析管柱解析度測試圖 60 圖4-3 質譜儀感度測試圖 61 圖4-4 活性碳床吸附示意圖 70 圖4-5 活性碳在不同吸附溫度下對1,2,3,4-TCDD 之吸附動力曲線 73 圖4-6 活性碳在不同吸附溫度下對OCDD之吸附動力曲線 73 圖4-7 戴奧辛之熔點與所含氯原子數之關係圖 74 圖4-8 戴奧辛之熔點與BF之戴奧辛移除效率關係圖 75 圖4-9 活性碳在不同水氣條件下對1,2,3,4-TCDD之吸 附動力曲線 78 圖4-10 一般焚化系統中戴奧辛物種的分佈情形 80 圖4-11 活性碳在不同雙成份的條件下對1,2,3,4-TCDD 之吸附動力曲線 80 圖4-12 1,2,3,4,7,8-H6CDD在無氯源的條件時的轉化路徑 84 圖4-13 2,4,6-三氯酚合成戴奧辛的主要路徑 94 圖4-14 130℃時四氯酚在活性碳中生成戴奧辛的物種分佈圖 95 圖4-15 200℃時四氯酚在活性碳中生成戴奧辛的物種分佈圖 95 圖4-16 130℃時四氯酚生成戴奧辛之MSD圖譜 96 圖4-17 130℃時四氯酚生成戴奧辛之MSD圖譜(續) 97 圖4-18 戴奧辛的生成量與三種活性碳之金屬催化能力 之關係圖 98

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