軟體定義電力線通訊平台類比之前級硬體設計，實現與驗證

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研究生：	蔡益昌 Yi-Chang Tsai
論文名稱：	軟體定義電力線通訊平台類比之前級硬體設計，實現與驗證 Hardware Design, Implementation and Verification of the Analog Front-End for Software-Defined Power-Line Communications Platform
指導教授：	陳逸民 Yih-min Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系在職專班 Executive Master of Communication Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	59
中文關鍵詞：	類比前級、電力線通訊、正交分頻多工、現場可程式化閘陣列
外文關鍵詞：	Analog Front End, PLC, OFDM, FPGA
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電力線通訊(Power Line Communication, PLC)，是一種運用電力線通訊的方式。在本論文中，我們設計、實現及驗證電力線類比前級(AFE)耦合電路，並且運用此平台來驗證所有住家室內電力線的通道和估測等。此電力線通訊平台包括設計的類比前級(AFE)電路，搭配數位轉類比(DAC)與類比轉數位(ADC)開發板及FPGA 實驗板，參考HomePlug AV標準，使用軟體定義OFDM訊號偶合(Coupling)到住家牆壁上的電源插座(Electric Outlet)進行電力線訊號傳輸。我們也針對室內電力線通道的特有現象進行探討，包括了特殊雜訊以及通道變化等。

PLC (Power line Communication) is a communication technology using power line as the transmission medium. The research topic of this thesis is on the design implementation and verification of the Analogy Front End (AFE) for a software-defined PLC platform which is composed of Analogy Front End (AFE) circuit board, Digital Analog Converter (DAC) and Analog Digital Converter (ADC) development board and FPGA board. The effectiveness of the AFE is demonstrated by a transmission of a software-defined OFDM signal, which is derived by referring to the HomePlug AV standard, through the real indoor electric outlet power line. We also measure the indoor PLC channel's response and investigate a particular phenomenon of powerline channel-special noise and channel variation using the composed software-defined PLC platform.

摘要............................................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................iii
誌謝...........................................................................................................................................iv
目錄............................................................................................................................................v
圖目錄.....................................................................................................................................viii
表目錄.......................................................................................................................................xi
一、 緒論.............................................................................................................................1
1-1 研究動機與背景..........................................................................................................1
1-2 章節提要......................................................................................................................2
二、 電力線通訊簡介.........................................................................................................3
2-1 居家電力線通道特性簡介..........................................................................................3
2-1-1 電力線雜訊(Noise)..............................................................................................4
2-1-2 電力線阻抗(Impedance)......................................................................................6
2-1-3 電力線多重路徑效應(Multipath Effect).............................................................7
2-1-4 電力線通道衰減..................................................................................................8
2-2 正交分頻多工簡介......................................................................................................9
2-2-1 OFDM 簡介..........................................................................................................9
2-2-2 CP-OFDM 簡介 .................................................................................................10
三、 軟體定義電力線通訊平台硬體架構....................................................................... 11
3-1 類比前級(AFE)電路設計..........................................................................................12
3-1-1 類比前級(AFE)電路..........................................................................................12
3-1-2 PCB 電路板板層疊構.......................................................................................14
3-2 軟體定義電力線規格................................................................................................15
3-2-1 電力線規格比較................................................................................................17
3-2-2 自訂規格簡介....................................................................................................18
3-3 電力線通訊平台簡介................................................................................................19
3-3-1 類比前級(AFE)耦合板規格..............................................................................20
3-3-2 數位類比(DAC)轉換板腳位.............................................................................22
3-3-3 類比數位(ADC)轉換板規格.............................................................................23
3-3-4 FPGA 板腳位定義.............................................................................................24
四、 電力線通訊平台實現與驗證...................................................................................25
4-1 居家電力線通道環境................................................................................................25
4-1-1 居家電力插座配置............................................................................................25
4-1-2 居家電器配置....................................................................................................26
4-1-3 實現電力線平台架構........................................................................................27
4-2 近距離電力線通道傳輸結果....................................................................................28
4-2-1. 接收端數位訊號量測結果................................................................................29
4-2-2. 接收端近距離(Near End)環境下的 SNR (Reference)......................................30
4-2-3. 接收端 Outlet 測量結果(Low data)...................................................................31
4-3 Non-Load 電力線通道傳輸結果...............................................................................36
4-3-1. 接收端數位訊號量測結果................................................................................37
4-3-2. 接收端 Non-Load 環境下的 SNR.....................................................................38
4-3-3. 接收端 Non-Load 測量結果(Low data)............................................................39
4-4 Load 電力線通道傳輸結果.......................................................................................44
4-4-1. 接收端數位訊號量測結果................................................................................45
4-4-2. 接收端 Load 環境下的 SNR.............................................................................46
4-4-3. 接收端 Load 測量結果(Low data) ....................................................................47
4-5 居家電力線通道響應與 SNR 結果 ..........................................................................52
4-5-1. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-A(Rx)電力線通道響應 .......................................52
4-5-2. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-B(Rx)電力線通道響應........................................52
4-5-3. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-C(Rx)電力線通道響應........................................53
4-5-4. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-D(Rx)電力線通道響應 .......................................53
4-5-5. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-E(Rx)電力線通道響應........................................54
4-5-6. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-F(Rx)電力線通道響應........................................54
4-5-7. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-G(Rx)電力線通道響應 .......................................55
4-5-8. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-H(Rx)電力線通道響應 .......................................55
4-5-9. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-I(Rx)電力線通道響應.........................................56
4-5-10. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-J(Rx)電力線通道響應.........................................56
4-6 市售電力線產品量測通道........................................................................................57
4-6-1. 路徑 Outlet-K(Tx)到 Outlet-E(Rx)電力線通道 Noise .....................................58
五、 結論...............................................60
參考文獻...............................................61
                                

[1] Hsiao, Yu-jhih, “Channel Measurement and Transmitter Implementation of Power Line Communications,” Master's thesis, National Central University, 2012.
[2] Chen, Te-lung, “Design and FPGA Implementation of Baseband Transmitter for DVB-T System,” Master's thesis, National Central University, 2013.
[3] J.-C. Jiang, “Design and FPGA Implementation of a Real-Time OFDM
Transceiver for Power Line Communications," Master's thesis, National Central University, 2011.
[4] HomePlug AV White Paper. Available: http://www.homeplug.org

[5]IEEE Std 1901-2010, “IEEE Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications,” IEEE Communications Society., pp. 1100–1164, Dec. 2010.

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