跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳意智
Yi-Chih Chen
論文名稱: 矽光波導元件光耗損研究
Optical Losses in SOI-based Waveguides
指導教授: 陳啟昌
Chii-Chang Chen
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 光電科學與工程學系
Department of Optics and Photonics
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 61
中文關鍵詞: 陣列波導光柵光分歧器多模干涉損耗波導
外文關鍵詞: multimode interference, waveguides, power splitters, loss, arrayed-waveguide gratings
相關次數: 點閱:6下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 我們利用光束傳播法來模擬光在絕緣層上矽晶波導的損耗,包含耦合損耗,彎曲損耗,以及傳播損耗.先最佳化出波導最佳的傳導截面來達到最小損耗,再進一步模擬一對八的200GHz的陣列波導光柵和一對八的光分歧器並製作出來,並探討元件的損耗.


    In this work, we used beam propagation method to simulate the optical losses, including of coupling loss, bending loss, and propagation loss, in silicon-on-insulator-based waveguides. The optimized dimensions of the waveguides for light propagation with low losses were studied. According to the waveguide dimensions, we designed and fabricated a 1x8 200GHz arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) and a 1x8 multimode interference (MMI) power splitter in silicon-on-insulator wafer. The origin of optical losses of these devices were discussed.

    Abstract..............................i Acknowledgements.............................ii Contents..............................iii List of figures..............................v List of tables.............................ix Chapter 1、Introduction.............................1 Chapter 2、Method of design.............................6 2-1 Finite difference beam propagation method.............................7 2-2 MMI and self-imaging theory.............................10 2-3 Rowland circle...............................11 2-4 Arrayed waveguide gratings.............................16 2-5 Conclusions.............................20 Chapter 3、Loss in SOI waveguides ..............................21 3-1 Loss due to mismatch.............................23 3-2 Coupling loss.............................24 3-3 Bending loss.............................31 3-4 Propagation loss.............................35 3-5 Insertion loss.............................37 3-6 Conclusions.............................39 Chapter 4、Design and measurement.............................40 4-1 Loss and channel waveguide.............................41 4-2 AWG.............................44 4-3 Power splitters.............................48 4-4 Conclusions..............................51 Chapter 5、Conclusions............52 Reference...............57

    [1] G. P. Agarwal, “Fiberoptic Communication Systems”, John Wiley, 1992
    [2] H. Gysel, “What we have to learn from the migration from PDH to
    SDH”, OADM Workshop, Scheveningen/The Hague The Netherlarxls, April
    23-24, 1998
    [3] D. Benjamin, A. Trudel, S. Shew and E. Kus, “Optical Services over the intelligent optical network”, IEEE Commns Magazine, vol. 39, no. 9, p73-78,
    Sept 2001
    [4] K. Okamoto, M. Okuno, A. Himeno, and Y. Ohmori, “16-channel optical add/drop multiplexer consisting of arrayed-waveguide gratings and doublegate switches,” Electron. Lett., vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1471–1472, 1996.
    [5] C. van Dam, A. A. M. Staring, E. J. Jansen, J. J. M. Binsma, T. van
    Dongen, M. K. Smit, and B. H. Verbeek, “Loss reduction for phased array demultiplexers using a double etch technique,” in Integrated Photonics Research 1996, Boston, MA, Apr. 29–May 2 1996, pp. 52–55.
    [6] Y. C. Zhu, F. H. Groen, D. H. P. Maat, Y. S. Oei, J. Romijin, and I.
    Moerman, “A compact PHASAR with low central channel loss,” in Proc. Euro. Conf. Integrated Optics’99, Turin, Italy, Apr. 14–16, 1999, pp. 219–222.
    [7] J. C. Chen and C. Dragone, “A proposed design for ultralow-loss
    waveguide grating routers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, pp.
    379–381, Mar. 1998.
    [8] Y. Hida, Y. Hibino, H. Okazaki, and Y. Ohmori, “10 m long silica-based waveguide with a loss of 1.7 dB/m,” in Integrated Photonics Research 1995, Dana Point, CA, Feb. 23–25, 1995, pp. 49–51.
    [9] O. Mitomi, K. Kasaya, and H. Miyazawa, “Design of a single-mode
    tapered waveguide for low-loss chip-to-fiber coupling,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 30, pp. 1787–1793, Aug. 1994.
    [10] M. M. Spühler, B. J. Offrein, G. Bona, R. Germann, I. Massarek, and D. Erni, “A very short planar silica spot-size converter using a nonperiodic segmented waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 16, pp. 1680–1685, 1998.
    [11] P. A. Besse, M. Bachmann, H. Melchior, L. B. Soldano, and M. K. Smit, “Optical bandwidth and fabrication tolerances of multimode interference couplers”, J. Lightwave Technol. 1994, 12, (6), pp. 1004-1009
    [12] A. Ferreras, F. Rodriguez-Gil, “Useful formulas for multimode
    interference power splitter/combiner design”, IEEE photon. Photon. Technol. Lett., 1993, 5,(10), pp. 1224-1127
    [13] L. O. Lierstuen, and A. Sudbo, “8 channel wavelength division
    multiplexer based on multimode interference couplers”, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 1995, 7, (9), pp.1034-1036
    [14] J. E. Zucker, K. L. Jones, T. H. Chiu, B. Tell, and K. Brown-Goebeler, “Strained quantum wells for polarization-independent electrooptic
    waveguide switchs”, J. Lightwave Technol. 1992, 10, (12), pp. 1926-1930
    [15] M. Huilian, Y. Jianyi, Z. Qiang, and W. Minghua, “Design and
    fabrication of 1-by-4 MMI power splitter for optical communication”,
    Communications conference of APCC/OECC ''99, p.1638-1641, 1999
    [16] M. Bachmann, et al. “Polarization-insensitive low-Voltage optical
    waveguide switch using InGaAsP/InP four-port Mach-Zender Interferometer”, Tech. Dig. OFC/IOOC, p.32-33, 1993
    [17] LSoldano, et al. “Planar mono-mode optical couplers based on multimode interference effects”, J. Lightwave technol., (10): 1843-1849, 1992
    [18] R. Scarmozzino, A. Gopinath, R. Pregla, and S. Helfert, “Numerical techniques for modeling guided-wave photonic devices”, J. Selected Topics
    in Quantum Electronic, vol. 6, p.150, 2000
    [19] R. Scarmozzino and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Comparison of finitedifference and Fourier-tranform solutions of the parabolic wave equation with emphasis on integrated-optics applications”, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 8, p.724, 1991
    [20] Rsoft Design Group, BeamPROP user menu, chapter 1, pp.4-21
    [21] E. C. M. Pennings, R. van Roijen, M. J. N. van Stralen, P. J. Waard, R. G. M. P. Koumans and B. H. Verbeek, “Reflection properties of multimode interference devices”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.6, no.6, 1994
    [22] L. B. Soldano, F. B. Veerman, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, A. H. Dubost, E. C. M. Pennings, J. Lightwave Rechnol., vol. 10, no. 12, p.1843-1850, 1992
    [23] E. C. M. Pennings, “Bends in optical ridge waveguides: modeling and experiments”, Ph. D. Thesis, 1990, Delfr University of Technology, The Netherlands, I=SBN 90-9003413-7
    [24] O. Bryngdahl, J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol.63, no.4, p.416-419, 1973
    [25] R. Ulrich and G. Ankele, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.27, no.6, p.337-339, 1975
    [26] L. B. Soldano, M Bouda, M. K. Smit and B. H. Verbeek, Proc. 18th
    ECOC’92, Paper Web10, p.465-468
    [27] J. M. Heaton, R. M. Jenkins, D. R. Wight, J. T. Parker, J. C. H. Birbeck and K. P. Hilton, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.61, no.15, p.1754-1756, 1992
    [28] A. Sugita, A. Kaneko, K. Okamoto, M. Itoh, A. Himeno, Y. Ohmori,
    “Very low insertion loss arrayed-waveguide grating with vertically tapered waveguides”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.12, pp.1180-1182, 2000
    [29] Y. Barbarin, X. J. M. Leijtens, E. A. J. M. Bente, C. M. Louzao, J. R. Kooiman, M. K. Smit, “Extremely small AWG demultiplexer fabricated on InP by using a double-etch Process”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.16, pp.2478 – 2480, 2004
    [30] K. Jia, W. Wang, Y. Tang, Y. Yang, J. Yang; X. Jiang, Y. Wu, M. Wang, Y. Wang, “Silicon-on-Insulator-Based Optical Demultiplexer Employing Turning-Mirror-Integrated Arrayed-Waveguide Grating”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, pp.1-3, 2004
    [31] Souren P. Pogossian, Lili Vescan, and Adrian Vonsovici, ”The singlemode condition for semiconductor rib waveguides with large cross section”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.16, no. 10, p.1851-1853, 1998
    [32] M. Heiblum and J. H. Harris, “Analysis of curved optical waveguides by conformal transformation,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-11, pp. 75–83, 1975.
    [33] D. Pascal, R. Orobtchouk, A. Layadi, A. Koster, and S. Laval,
    “Optimized coupling of a gaussian beam into an optical waveguide with a grating coupler: Comparison of experimental and theoretical results,” Appl. Opt., vol. 36, pp. 2443–2447, 1997.
    [34] D. Pascal, S. Lardenois, E. Cassan, A. Koster, S. Laval, M. Heitzmann, L. Mollard, B. Dal’Zoto, N. Bouzaida, and R. Orobtchouk, “Efficient coupling into sub-micrometer rib and strip SOI waveguides,” in Proc. TOPS 78, Integrated Photonic Res., Vancouver, BC, Canada, July 17–20, 2002, IBSN 1-55752-722-9.
    [35] M. B. Frish, J. A. Fijol, E. E. Fike, S. A. Jacobson, P. B. Keating, W. J. Kessler, C. Bozler, M. Fritze, C. Keast, J. Knecht, R. Williamson, and C. Manolatou, “Coupling of single-mode fibers to planar Si waveguides using vertically tapered mode converters,” in Integrated Photonics Res., 2002 Tech. Dig., Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2002, pp. IFB2-1–IFB2-3.
    [36] C. Dragone, “An NxN optical multiplexer using a planar arrangement of two star couplers”, IEEE Photon Technology Letter, 3, p.812-814, 1991
    [37] M. Zirngibl, B. Glance, L. W. strulz, C. H. Joyner, G. Raybon, and I. P. Caminow, “Characterization of a multiwavelength waveguide grating router laser”, IEEE Photon Technology Letter, 6, p.1082-1084, 1994
    [38] M. K. Smit and C. V. Dam, “PHASAR-based WDM device: principle, design and applications”, J. Sel. Topics in Quantum. Electron., 2, p.236-250, 1996
    [39] W. A. Shurcliff, “Polarized Light: Production and Use”, Harvard
    University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1966
    [40] D. Derickson, “Fiber Optic Test and Measurement”, Prentice Hall,
    Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998

    QR CODE
    :::