次室女座星系團巡天的海王星外天體之研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	陳英同 Ying-Tung Chen
論文名稱：	次室女座星系團巡天的海王星外天體之研究 A Study of the Trans-Neptunian Belt by the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey
指導教授：	葉永烜 Wing-Huen Ip
口試委員:
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	理學院 - 天文研究所 Graduate Institute of Astronomy
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	78
中文關鍵詞：	太陽系、古柏帶天體、海王星外天體、巡天
外文關鍵詞：	solar system, Kuiper belt object, trans-Neptunian object, survey
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此篇論文主要陳述來自於中黃道傾角的次室女座星系團巡天(NGVS)的海王星外天體(TNOs)科學成果。在以往的海王星外天體巡天結果中，大多數是提供大天區但是極限星等較亮，或是小天區但是極限星等較暗的成果。次室女座星系團巡天是一個非常獨特的光學巡天計劃，它使用四米的加法夏望遠鏡(CFHT)進行長時間曝光到極限星等達25.5(g', 1.3σ)，並且重覆觀測室女座星系團天區。雖然此計劃的主要科學目標是星系天文學，但它卻也是探測以往沒觀測過又遠又小海王星外天體的最佳資料。

在NGVS四年巡天裡的76平方度資料中，我們利用自行開發的移動天體程式一共找到了91新的海王星外天體與半人馬座小行星(Centaurs)。此論文主要利用這些發現結果研究海王星外天體子群的大小分佈、不同共振的數量分佈、傾角顏色關係，以及推測內歐特雲(Inner Oort Cloud)的可能分佈。

This thesis presents the results from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) which covers a moderate latitude of ecliptic plane. In past and current Trans-Neptunian surveys, most of surveys observed wide field sky coverage or deep field within small area. The NGVS is a very unique optical survey which repeatedly observed Virgo cluster field using 4-m Canada France Hawaii Telescope, taking long exposures to detect fainter point source (25.0 in 1.3σ). Although the major science goals of the NGVS are about galaxy and cluster environment, this survey is also the best sample for probing distant and small Trans-Neptunian objects which post-observations haven't acquired.

Based on 76 square degree area of 4 years of NGVS observations, 91 of new TNO and Centaur were discovered by self-developed moving object pipeline. This thesis investigate the sub-population of Trans-Neptunian Belt, the population of inner Oort cloud by according to 91 detections and characterized observation.

Abstract i
Acknowledgements iii
List of Figures vii 
List of Tables viii 
Abbreviations ix 
Physical Constants x Symbols xi
Introduction 1
1 TheHistoryoftheSolarSystem.................... 1
2 The Research of Trans-Neptunian Objects in The Last Two Decades 3
2.1 WideSurveys .......................... 3
2.2 DeepSurveys .......................... 4
3 TheScienceofTrans-NeptunianObjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 TheNextGenerationVirgoClusterSurvey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Observations and Data Processing 6
1 TheConceptofTNOSurvey...................... 6
2 DescriptionoftheObservationsontheNGVS . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 CFHTandMegaPrime/MegaCam............... 7 
2.2 SurveyRegionandFilters ................... 7 
2.3 ObservingRequirements .................... 11 
2.4 Dithering ............................ 12 
2.5 SurveyPriority ......................... 12
3 DataProcessing............................. 13 
3.1 BasicImageProcessing..................... 13 
3.2 Image Stacking, Astrometric, and Photometric Calibration . 13
3.3 CatalogforsearchTNOs.................... 14 
3.4 DetectionEfficiency....................... 14 
3.4.1 PSFModel ...................... 14 
3.4.2 PlantedSyntheticStars ............... 15 
3.4.3 Fittingtheefficiencyfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4 TheMovingObjectPipeline(MOP) ................. 16
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey: A Probe of Outer Solar System 18
1 Introduction............................... 18
2 Observations............................... 19
2.1 TheDatasetforSearchingTNOs ............... 20
2.2 Follow-upObservations..................... 20
3 Analysis................................. 21 
3.1 TheSurveyCharacterization.................. 21 
3.2 SurveySimulator ........................ 21 
3.3 OrbitClassification....................... 22
4 Results.................................. 27 
4.1 Orbit............................... 27 
4.2 TheSizeDistribution...................... 31 
4.3 TheColorofHighInclinationTNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5 Summary ................................ 33
Discovery of a New Member of the Inner Oort Cloud from The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey 35
1 Introduction............................... 35
2 Observations............................... 38
2.1 DetectionEfficiency....................... 39
2.2 OrbitTracking ......................... 40
3 AnalysisandResults .......................... 43 
3.1 Orbitandmagnitude...................... 43 
3.2 LuminosityfunctionoftheIOC ................ 44 
3.3 PopulationEstimates...................... 45
4 Discussion................................ 46
5 Summary ................................ 47
Future Work 48 
1 The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) . . . . . . . . . 48 
2 OuterSolarSystemOriginsSurvey(OSSOS). . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 
3 HyperSuprime-Cam(HSC) ...................... 49
A The Efficiency Function of the NGVS for TNO Search 51
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