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研究生： 陳仕豪
Isach W.Z. Karmiadji
論文名稱： 氯離子入侵混凝土之擴散係數時間效應與飛灰之影響
The Effect of Fly Ash and Time Dependent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient on the Chloride Ingress in Concrete
指導教授： 黃偉慶
Wei-hsing Huang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
畢業學年度： 98
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 123
中文關鍵詞： 擴散 、氯離子 、浸泡試驗 、飛灰
外文關鍵詞： Ponding;, Life-365, 4SIGHT, Chloride, Diffusion
相關次數： 點閱：16  下載：0 
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    • 低放射性最終處置設施之主體為混凝土，但不同於一般混凝土結構物之用途，低放射性最終處置設施的服務年限可能長達數百年之久。另外由於台灣環境氣候潮溼，四面環海，場址的選擇可能位於臨海區域且採用地表處置或隧道處置，此環境利於腐蝕反應之發生，使得最終處置設施長期在此環境下可能產生劣化，進而影響混凝土長期耐久性。
    本研究乃針對添加不同含量飛灰之混凝土進行氯離子浸泡試驗(ponding test)，以實驗室模擬混凝土工程障壁受海水入侵作用下，不同飛灰使用量之混凝土對改善混凝土抵抗氯離子入侵的成效。實驗證實添加不同含量之飛灰對混凝土抵抗氯離子入侵有顯著的效果，且使擴散係數隨時間而降低；並利用試驗結果依據費克第二定律(Fick’s second law)評估氯離子擴散係數與時間的效應及飛灰添加量之影響，同時以迴歸方法求取擴散係數隨時間變化之影響參數。另外，運用Life-365及4SIGHT等二個程式，預測氯離子入侵剖面與實驗所得氯離子入侵剖面的關連性，期未來可進一步發展，應用於低放射性廢棄物最終處置場混凝土障壁服務年限之推估。

    Salt ponding test was conducted on mature concrete specimens dry-stored in laboratory condition and on concretes immediately exposed to chloride after 28 days of moist curing. Analysis on the various properties of concretes with fly ash addition and their implication to chloride ingress were done. Experimental result indicates that fly ash addition increases the maximum surface chloride value of concrete while reducing the chloride diffusivity with time. These concrete properties proved to have an important effect to the prediction of chloride ingress using error function solution to Fick’s second law. The prolonged dry-storage does not seem to have a significant impact on the change in chloride diffusion properties of the concrete specimens. General agreement between experimental data with Life-365 & 4SIGHT predicted values of concrete properties indicate the applicability of both concrete performance prediction software in considering the influence of fly ash addition and the reduction of diffusion coefficient with time.

    CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives 2 1.3 Thesis Organization 3 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Reinforced Concrete Degradation 5 2.2 Chloride Penetration Mechanism 6 2.2.1 Sorptivity or Surface Absorption 6 2.2.2 Diffusion 7 2.2.3 Chloride Binding 7 2.2.4 Wicking Action 8 2.2.5 Dispersion 9 2.2.6 Permeation 9 2.3 Chloride Diffusion 9 2.3.1 Diffusion Reduction Coefficient 13 2.4 Factors Influencing Chloride Diffusion 16 2.4.1 w/cm Ratio 16 2.4.2 Cement Type 17 2.4.3 Type of Coarse Aggregate 17 2.4.4 Chemical Admixtures 18 2.4.5 Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCM) 18 2.4.6 Curing Regimes 19 2.4.7 Age and Moisture Condition of Concrete 19 2.4.8 Others 20 2.5 Influence of Fly Ash 20 2.6 Chloride Penetration Resistance Test 24 2.6.1 NordTest NTBuild 443 Bulk Diffusion Test 25 2.6.2 AASHTO T259 Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ion Penetration (Salt Ponding Test) 26 2.7 Service Life Models 28 2.7.1 Life-365 28 2.7.2 4SIGHT 31 CHAPTER THREE EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY 34 3.1 Overview 34 3.2 Materials 37 3.3 Specimen Mix Design 41 3.4 Salt Ponding 41 3.5 Specimen Cutting 43 3.6 Determination of Chloride Content 45 3.6.1. Bound (Total) Chloride Determination 46 3.7 Chloride Penetration Profile 48 3.8 Diffusion Properties Analysis and Comparison with Existing Models 48 3.8.1 Surface Chloride Concentration & Apparent Diffusion Determination 48 3.8.2 Diffusion Reduction Coefficient Calculation 49 3.8.3 Empirical Relationship Equation Determination 49 3.8.4 Comparison with Existing Lifetime Prediction Models 50 3.8.5 Validation of Empirical Relationship Equation 51 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 52 4.1 Experimental Data 52 4.1.1 Series 1 Experimental Data 52 4.1.2 Series 2 Experimental Data 57 4.2 Determination of Concrete Properties 60 4.2.1 Dapp, Cs, and Cmax Determination 60 4.2.2 Determination of m and D28 Values 65 4.3 Comparison between Experimental & Predicted Result 68 4.3.1 4SIGHT Approximation and Input Values 68 4.3.2 Life-365 Approximation and Input Values 71 4.3.3 Chloride Profile Comparison 72 4.3.4 Comparison of Experimental m and D28 Values with 4SIGHT and Life-365 80 4.4 Determination of Empirical Relationships 83 4.4.1 Empirical Relationship Equation 83 4.4.2 Relationship Equation Validation 85 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 95 5.1 Conclusions 95 5.2 Suggestions 97 REFERENCES 98 APPENDIX 104 1. Series 1 Data 104 1.1 30 Days Exposure 104 1.2 60 Days Exposure 105 1.3 90 Days Exposure 106 2. Series 2 Data 107 2.1 90 Days Exposure 107 2.2 180 Days Exposure 108 2.3 365 Days Exposure 109

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