本論文主要從照度的觀點來探討陣列光源在不同距離下的能量變化及分佈，並以平方反比定律為基礎來定義其遠場距離，進而界定出其中場之範圍及歸納其在中場之照度特性。而在光源的選擇上，亦不同於市售的典型朗伯光源陣列，本論文利用不同散角之單一光源所組合而成的兩種非典型陣列光源來進行分析，提供在照明燈具的設計上更多元化的參考方向。

In this thesis, we discuss the illuminance change and distribution of light sources array at different distances, and the far field distance is determined according to the inverse square law. In such a way, the range of mid-field can thus be well clarified, and the characteristic of illuminance in mid-field is explored in the same time. We use two kinds of atypical array light sources with different FWHM for a single non-Lambertian light source. By further analyzing the central illuminance distribution, some novel but essential design rules are proposed for the reference in the lighting design.

[1] M. Josephson, Edison : A Biography (McGraw-Hill, 1959).
[2] A. Zukauskas, M. S. Shur, and R. Caska, Introduction to Solid-State Lighting (John Wiley & Sons, 2002).
[3] E. F. Schubert, Light-Emitting Diodes, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
[4] S. Nakamura and G. Fasol, The Blue Laser Diode: GaN Based Light Emitters and Lasers (Spinger, 1997).
[5] Y. Shimizu, K. Sakano, Y. Noguchi, and T. Moriguchi, “Light emitting device having a nitride compound semiconductor and a phosphor containing a garnet fluorescent material,” United States Patent, US5998925 (1999).
[6] M. G. Craford, “LEDs for solid state lighting and other emerging applications : status, trends, and challenges,” Proc. SPIE 5941, 1-10 (2005).
[7] Y. Narukawa, “White-light LEDS, ” Optics & Photonics News, 24-29 (2004)
[8] 孫慶成，LED固態照明與光學模擬設計，科儀新知第二十八卷第二期，中華民國 95年。
[9] D. A. Steigerwald, J. C. Bhat, D. Collins, R. M. Fletcher, M. O. Holcomb, M. J. Ludowise, P. S. Martin, and S. L.Rudaz, “Illumination with solid state lighting technology,” IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron. 8, 310-320 (2002).
[10] F. Nguyen, B. Terao, and J. Laski, “Realizing LED illumination lighting applications,” Proc. SPIE 5941, 594105 (2005).
[11] N. Narendran, N. Maliyagoda, A. Bierman, R. Pysar, and M. Overington, “Characterizing white LEDs for general illumination applications,” Proc. SPIE 3938, 240-248 (2000).
[12] Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, “Life-cycle assessment of energy and environmental impacts of LED lighting products,” U.S. Department of Energy (2012)
[13] D. Sun, “Challenges and opportunities for high power white LED development,” DOE SSL R&D Workshop (2012).
[14] E. F. Schubert and J. K. Kim, “Solid-state light sources getting smart,” Science 308, 1274-1278 (2005).
[15] J. Kovác, J. Jakabovic, and M. Kytka, “Advanced light emitting devices for optoelectronic applications,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382A (2008).
[16] 蔡昌宇，LED準遠場之研究與其在燈具之應用，國立中央大學光電科學研究所碩士 論文，中華民國九十七年。
[17] 謝志欽，LED準遠場之研究與防眩光學之設計，國立中央大學光電科學研究所碩士論文，中華民國九十七年。
[18] 江重致，人眼眼球模型建構與人因照明之研究，國立中央大學光電科學研究所博士論文，中華民國一百零三年。
[19] K. Wang, D. Wu, Z. Qin, F. Chen, X. Luo, and S. Liu, “New reversing design method for LED uniform illumination,” Opt. Express 19, A830-A840 (2011).
[20] P. Lei, Q. Wang, and H. Zou, “Designing LED array for uniform illumination based on local search algorithm,” J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public. 9, 14014 (2014).
[21] I. Moreno, M. A. Alejo, and R. I. Tzonchev, “Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance,” Appl. Opt. 45, 2265-2272 (2006).
[22] I. Moreno, “Configurations of LED arrays for uniform illumination,” Proc. SPIE 5622, 713 (2004).
[23] J. Sun and J. W. Zhang, “Design of LED light source for uniform illumination in large area,” Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403, 465-468 (2013).
[24] J. Tan, K. Yang, M. Xia, and Y. Yang, “Analysis of uniform illumination system with imperfect Lambertian LEDs,” Opt. Appl. 41, 507–517 (2011).
[25] 汽車行業發展研究, https://wechatinchina.com/thread-238537-1-1.html.
[26] PChouse, http://zt.pchouse.com.cn/142/1424831.html.
[27] Delta Electronics Inc., http://www.deltaww.com/.
[28] J. M. Palmer and B. G. Grant, The Art of Radiometry (Society of Photo Optical, 2009).
[29] R. Young, “Measuring light emission from LEDs,” Proc. SPIE 6355, 63550H (2006).
[30] I. Moreno, C. Y. Tsai, D. Bermúdez, and C. C. Sun, “Simple function for intensity distribution from LEDs,” Proc. SPIE 6670 ,66700H (2007).
[31] I. Moreno, “LED intensity distribution,” International Optical Design Conference, TuD6 (2006).
[32] V. N. Mahajan, Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics (SPIE Press, 2014).
[33] I. Moreno and C. C. Sun, “LED array : where does far-field begin?” Proc. SPIE 7058, 70580R (2008).
[34] I. Moreno, C. C. Sun, and R. Ivanov, “Far-field condition for light-emitting diode arrays,” Appl. Opt. 48, 1190-1197 (2009).
[35] European Committee for Standardization (CEN), https://www.cen.eu/Pages/default.aspx.
[36] Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE), http://www.cie.co.at/.
[37] G. Sauter, “Optical measurement of LED clusters and arrays,” CIE Technical Committee TC2-50 (2009).
[38] CIE, “Measurement of LEDs,” CIE Technical Report TC2-45 (2007).
[39] X. Liu, W. Cai, X. Lei, X. Du, and W. Chen, “Far-field distance for surface light source with different luminous area,” Appl. Opt. 52, 1629-1635 (2013).
[40] C. C. Sun, W. T. Chien, I. Moreno, C. C. Hsieh, and Y. C. Lo, “Analysis of the far-field region of LEDs,” Opt. Express 17, 13918-13927 (2009).
[41] C. C. Sun, T. X. Lee, S. H. Ma, Y. L. Lee, and S. M. Huang, “Precise optical modeling for LED lighting verified by cross correlation in the midfield region,” Opt. Lett. 31, 2193-2195 (2006).
[42] W. T. Chien, C. C. Sun, and I. Moreno, “Precise optical model of multi-chip white LEDs,” Opt. Express 15, 7572–7577 (2007).
[43] A. Ryer, Light Measurement Handbook (International light Inc, 1998).
[44] Breault Research Organization,Inc., http://www.breault.com/.
[45] S. Liu and X. Luo, LED Packaging for Lighting Applications : Design, Manufacturing and Testing (Chemical Industry Press, John Wiley & Sons, 2011).
[46] I. Moreno and C. C. Sun, “Modeling the radiation pattern of LEDs,” Opt. Express 16, 1808-1819 (2008).
[47] Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, “CIE 1988 2° spectral luminous efficiency functions of photopic vision,” CIE Publication No. 86 (1988b).
[48] 孫慶成，光電工程概論，全華圖書股份有限公司，中華民國一百零一年。
[49] Cree Inc., http://www.cree.com/led-components/products.
[50] Cree XLamp XP-E LED, http://www.cree.com/led-components/media/documents/XL ampXPE-25A.pdf.