本文旨在探討政府補助與換電站對台灣電動機車銷售量的影響，並探討跨縣市之間的換電設施是否存在網路效果。利用台灣本島19個縣市2018年到2022年的半年期資料為研究樣本，利用Panel data隨機效果模型進行實證研究。
實證結果顯示：(1.)政府補助對銷售量有顯著的正影響，其中又以汰舊換新補助影響效果較大。(2.)每期所增加的換電站對銷售量有顯著的正影響，但每期所增加的電池數量對銷售量無顯著影響(3.)鄰近縣市之累積換電站與電池數量均對銷售量皆有顯著的正影響。
為了處理換電站建置與電動機車銷售量的內生性問題，本文利用因果關係檢定（Granger causality test）進行檢測。實證結果顯示：不管是換電站對銷售量還是銷售量對換電站皆不顯著，表示換電站與銷售量之間無因果關係，表示本文估計之換電站對銷售量的影響為一致的估計量。

The study investigates whether and how government subsidies and battery-swapping station (BSS) affect the demand of electric motorcycles in Taiwan, and then examines the potential network effect of battery-swapping station across cities. Using the half-year sale of electric motorcycles in 19 counties and cities in Taiwan's main island from 2018 to 2022, this thesis employs the random effect of panel data model to implement empirical estimations.
The empirical results show that: (1.) Government subsidies have a significantly positive impact on sales, particularly the subsidy for replacing the old with the new motorcycle. (2.) The number of new established battery replacement battery-swapping station has a significantly positive influence on sales, but the number of increased batteries has no significant impact on sales. (3.) The cumulative number of battery replacement battery-swapping station and batteries in neighboring counties and cities has a positive and significant effect on sales.
For dealing with the possible causal relation between motorcycle sale and the number of new established battery replacement battery-swapping station, this thesis first uses the Granger causality test to detect their causal relationships. The empirical tests find that there is no significant causal relationship between the battery-swapping station replacement and the sales, indicating the above estimates are consistent estimator.

一、中文文獻
1. 張國鳳(2019)，「台灣電動機車特徵價格與購車補助政策分析」，在職專班碩士論文，中央大學產業經濟研究所
2. 陸宣臻(2022)，「臺灣電動機車補貼效益分析」，碩士論文，國立臺灣大學經濟學研究所
3. 曾郁茜(2021)，「COVID-19 疫情對於歐洲機車暨電動機車市場之影響分析」，機械工業技術與產業資訊專輯，454期
4. 游雅雯(2020)，「電動機車充電站設點研究」，碩士論文，中原大學資訊管理研究所
5. 劉安錫與徐光蓉(2006)， 「電動機車政策之效益評估」， 中華民國環境保護學會學刊，29(1), 57-69

二、英文文獻
1. Bell, A. and K. Jones (2015). "Explaining Fixed Effects: Random Effects Modeling of Time-Series Cross-Sectional and Panel Data." Political Science Research and Methods 3(1): 133-153.
2. Hardman, S., A. Jenn, G. Tal, J. Axsen, G. Beard, N. Daina, E. Figenbaum, N. Jakobsson, P. Jochem, N. Kinnear, P. Plötz, J. Pontes, N. Refa, F. Sprei, T. Turrentine and B. Witkamp (2018). "A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 62: 508-523.
3. Helveston, J. P., Y. Liu, E. M. Feit, E. Fuchs, E. Klampfl and J. J. Michalek (2015). "Will subsidies drive electric vehicle adoption? Measuring consumer preferences in the U.S. and China." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 73: 96-112.
4. Kong, D., Q. Xia, Y. Xue and X. Zhao (2020). "Effects of multi policies on electric vehicle diffusion under subsidy policy abolishment in China: A multi-actor perspective." Applied Energy 266: 114887.
5. Morrissey, P., P. Weldon and M. O’Mahony (2016). "Future standard and fast charging infrastructure planning: An analysis of electric vehicle charging behaviour." Energy Policy 89: 257-270.
6. Philipsen, R., T. Schmidt, J. van Heek and M. Ziefle (2016). "Fast-charging station here, please! User criteria for electric vehicle fast-charging locations." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 40: 119-129.
7. Qiu, Y. Q., P. Zhou and H. C. Sun (2019). "Assessing the effectiveness of city-level electric vehicle policies in China." Energy Policy 130: 22-31.
8. Santos, G. and S. Rembalski (2021). "Do electric vehicles need subsidies in the UK?" Energy Policy 149: 111890.
9. Sheldon, T. L. and R. Dua (2020). "Effectiveness of China's plug-in electric vehicle subsidy." Energy Economics 88: 104773.
10. Springel, K. (2021). "Network Externality and Subsidy Structure in Two-Sided Markets: Evidence from Electric Vehicle Incentives." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13(4): 393-432.
11. Sun, X., X. Liu, Y. Wang and F. Yuan (2019). "The effects of public subsidies on emerging industry: An agent-based model of the electric vehicle industry." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 140: 281-295.
12. Thorne, Z. and L. Hughes (2019). "Evaluating the effectiveness of electric vehicle subsidies in Canada." Procedia Computer Science 155: 519-526.
13. Yang, C.-J. (2010). "Launching strategy for electric vehicles: Lessons from China and Taiwan." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77(5): 831-834.
14. Zhou, G., Z. Zhu and S. Luo (2022). "Location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations: Based on cost model and genetic algorithm." Energy 247: 123437.