前人研究已證實，麩胺酸（Glu）作為初級氮同化的產物之一，能夠誘導植物防禦反應，但其具體機制尚未明確。本研究深入分析了Glu作為唯一氮源對阿拉伯芥生長發育及免疫反應的影響。我們發現，當Glu作為唯一氮源時，顯著抑制了主根生長，同時促進側根延伸，與先前研究結果一致。此外，Glu增加了花青素的積累，並強烈誘導了水楊酸（SA）和茉莉酸（JA）合成相關基因的表達，顯著增強了植物的抗病性。值得注意的是，我們還發現Glu能顯著促進根毛發育，並可能通過水楊酸、茉莉酸和乙烯三種防禦相關信號途徑調控。然而，Glu誘導的根毛生長機制尚需進一步深入探討。

Previous studies have demonstrated that glutamate (Glu), a product of primary nitrogen assimilation, can induce plant defense responses, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we further investigated the effects of using Glu as the sole nitrogen source on the growth, development, and immune responses of Arabidopsis. Our results showed that Glu as the sole nitrogen source significantly inhibited primary root growth while promoting lateral root elongation, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, Glu enhanced anthocyanin accumulation and strongly induced the expression of genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, leading to a marked increase in plant disease resistance. Notably, we also observed that Glu significantly promoted root hair development, likely regulated through the SA, JA, and ethylene (ET) defense-related signaling pathways. However, the mechanism of Glu-induced root hair growth requires further investigation, as it appears to differ from pathogen-induced root hair responses, suggesting distinct signaling pathways may be involved.

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