榮格(Carl Gustav Jung)在〈意識、無意識與個體化〉一文中說：
「個體化和集體性是相反的一組觀念，我用「個體化」(Individuation)這個字是為了要說明：以此過程，個人變為一個心理學的”可分割的內在”(in-dividual),也就是，一個可分離的、不可分割的統一體或者說是”整體”。」
榮格所創「分析心理學」(Analytical psychology)，所謂”分析的”是指一個相信潛意識存在的一個療程：「個體化」。(CW9,p275)而心靈有自我完善平衡的傾向，是它的一個基本構思。他反對佛洛依德(Freud)對心靈法則採取機械因果論的看法,而認為那只是部份的事實，相信心靈自有其目的。(Jocobi：the psychology of jung)即：「個體化」的實現。它是一客觀的過程，使得人生實存當中的各個對立面，在人類的心靈深處得到協調統一，成為一個既健全又獨具個性的人格。
羅勃。霍卜克(Robert H. Hopcke)認為若從其詞源上來理解，「個體化」便是與己合一的過程，即實現真正自我的過程。
由以上的了解，我們可說「個體化進程」是終極的概念，個體在獲得階段性的意識與潛意識的短暫平衡後，仍需不斷地融合繼之而來的二元對立的矛盾，使得潛意識的內容為意識所了解的，偏頗的意識態度得以修正，人格獲得成長。
本論文之目的在於藉著研究榮格之「個體化進程」，這條心理分析式的內在超越路徑，嘗試解決「他者問題」的可能。對於「個體化進程」的討論，依筆者有限之能力，不求對榮格的思想有全面性的了解只就「個體化進程案例」一文分析其中所揭露的「個體化進程」階段，與相關的心理觀念的說明，冀望對其意義與方法有所了解；之後，筆者將依梅洛龐蒂(Merleau-Ponty)在《知學現象學》中對「他者問題」的討論，以榮格思想嘗式解決「他者問題」中的「獨我論」困境。

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