所得分配不均至今仍是全世界各國面臨到的重要議題，了解影響所得不均的因素有助於政府提出有效的對策。本論文利用61個國家2004年至2012年間的追蹤資料為樣本，實證估計影響國家所得不均的因素，特別是開放程度，創新與制度的影響。為獲致頑強性的估計結果，分別採用五分位差倍數與十分位差倍數衡量所得不均的程度進行估計。利用追蹤資料模型估計的結果顯示：外人直接投資及教育水準負向影響所得不均程度；國內生產毛額(GDP)與所得不均呈現倒U型的關係。此外，貪腐化程度與貿易開放程度越高，則所得不均程度越高。民主化程度僅於十分位差距倍數作為被解釋變數時與所得不均傾向於正相關，但研究發展密度與所得不均則無顯著的關係。

Income inequality is a widely concerned issue in most countries. Understanding the determinants of income inequality helps government propose effective policy measures to mitigate the degree of income inequality. This thesis utilizes a panel dataset of 61 countries for the 2004-2012 period to investigate determinants of income inequality by focusing on openness, innovation and institutional factors. To obtain robust estimates, we adopt both 20/20 ratio and 10/10 ratio as indicators of income inequality to conduct empirical estimations. Results obtained from the panel data model show that FDI and education help lower income inequality; GDP exhibits an inversed U shape relationship with income inequality. Moreover, both corruption and openness are associated with a positive relationship with the degree of income inequality. However, we find no significant relation between R&D and income inequality.

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