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研究生： 翁勝德
Sheng-De Wong
論文名稱： 反溶劑滴入時間對鈣鈦礦薄膜形成之影響與其光伏電池之應用
Influence of the dropping time of antisolvent on the formation of perovskite thin films and their application in photovoltaic cells
指導教授： 陳昇暉
Sheng-Hui Chen
張勝雄
Sheng Hsiung Chang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 光電科學與工程學系
Department of Optics and Photonics
論文出版年： 2018
畢業學年度： 106
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 75
中文關鍵詞： 鈣鈦礦
外文關鍵詞： Perovskite
相關次數： 點閱：17  下載：0 
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    • 近十年來有機-無機鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的功率轉換效率已經超過20%。而鈣鈦礦薄膜的製造方式有真空熱蒸鍍與溶液塗佈製程。並以旋轉塗佈製程為主流，因其製程成本低與製程時間短。
    本論文研究的有機-無機鈣鈦礦太陽能電池之元件架構為: Ag/PC61BM/CH3NH3PbI3/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/glass。Ag與ITO (氧化銦錫)分別為陰極與陽極; [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM )與Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (PEDOT:PSS)分別是電子傳輸層(electron transport layer, ETL)與電洞傳輸層(hole transport layer, HTL); CH3NH3PbI3則是鈣鈦礦結構吸光層。為了達到高效率的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池，我們研究了反溶劑的滴落時間對鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池的光伏特性之影響。當使用DMF / DMSO（9:1v / v）混合物作為鈣鈦礦前驅溶劑時，當反溶劑的滴落時間為倒數第17秒時，能獲得適合製作鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池的光吸收層。
    另外，反溶劑的滴落時間顯著的影響鈣鈦礦薄膜的外觀，因此本論文利用X光繞射儀、透射光譜、螢光光譜、時間解析螢光光譜、反射式光學顯微鏡、原子力顯微鏡與水滴接觸角，分析鈣鈦礦薄膜的表面、結構與光電特性，藉此了解反溶劑的低落時間在形成鈣鈦礦薄膜過程中所扮演的角色。
    本實驗最高的功率轉換效率為13.19 % ，對應的開路電壓(open-circuit voltage, VOC)、短路電流密度(short-circuit current density, JSC )與填充因子(fill factor, FF)分別為0.997 V、20.52 mA/cm2與64.47 %。

    In the recent decade, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells was improved to more than 20%. Perovskite thin films can be fabricated by using thermal evaporation methods or spin coating processes. Spin coating methods were widely applied to the formation of the high-quality perovskite thin films due to the low-cost processes.
    In this thesis, the device architecture of the perovskite solar cell is silver/ PC61BM/CH3NH3PbI3/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/glass. Silver and ITO are deposited as the cathode and the anode, respectively. PCBM and PEDOT:PSS are deposited as the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, respectively. The CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin film is the light absorbing layer. In order to achieve the high efficient perovskite solar cell, we investigated the effect of the dropping time (DT) of the washing solvent (antisolvent) on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. When the DMF/DMSO (9:1 v/v) mixture is used as the solvent of the perovskite precursor and the DT of the antisolvent is 17s, the high-quality perovskite thin film can be achieved with high PCE.
    In addition, the DT of the antisolvent significantly affects the appearance of the perovskite thin films. Therefore, the X-ray diffractometer, transmission spectrometer, photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer, time-resolved PL detector, optical microscope, atomic-force microscope and water-droplet contact angle imaging system were used to analyze the surface, structural and optoelectronic properties of the perovskite films in order to understand the role of the DT of the antisolvent in the formation of a perovskite thin film.
    Finally, the highest PCE of the perovskite solar cells is 13.19 %. The corresponding open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) are 0.997 V, 20.52 mA/cm2 and 64.47%, respectively.

    第一章 緒論……………………………………...…………..……1 1.1 前言…………………………………………………………...…..1 1.2 本文架構…………………..…………………………...………...3 1.3 太陽能電池種類與介紹………………………………………4 1.3.1 無機太陽能電池……………………………………..……..4 1.3.2 有機太陽能電池………………………..………………..…5 1.3.3鈣鈦礦太陽能電池…………………………………...……11 1.4 研究動機……………………………………………...............….15 第二章 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池起源與介紹…………...……..16 2.1 鈣鈦礦結構………………………...………………………..…..16 2.2鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的能量轉換效率演進表………………..17 2.3 影響鈣鈦礦成膜的因素……………………………………....19 2.3.1 前驅物溶劑的選擇…………………………………………19 2.3.2 熱退火環境…………………………………………………20 2.3.3 反溶劑的選擇………………………………………………20 2.4鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池的工作原理………………..……….22 2.5 本論文使用之文獻回顧…………………………………..…..24 第三章 實驗方法…………………………..…….……………….27 3.1 實驗藥品與實驗材料………………………….…………...….27 3.2 製程儀器………………………………………………………....28 3.2.1 兩段式旋轉塗佈機(Spin Coater)………………….………..28 3.2.2 手套箱………………………………………………………28 3.2.2 熱蒸鍍鍍膜系統…………………………………………....29 3.3 量測儀器……………………………………………….…….......30 3.3.1 太陽光模擬器………………………………………………30 3.3.2 光學顯微鏡…………………………………………………31 3.3.3 光激發螢光光譜儀、時間解析螢光光譜儀………..………31 3.3.4 紫外光/可見光光譜儀………………………………...……32 3.3.5 水接觸角……………………………………………………32 3.3.6 原子力顯微鏡…………………………………………...….33 3.3.7 X光繞射儀………………………………………....………..34 3.4 藥品純化與材料準備……………….…………………………35 3.4.1 甲基胺純化………………………………………...……….35 3.4.2 材料準備…………………………………………..………..36 3.5鈣鈦礦太陽能電池製程流程…………………………….……36 3.5.1 ITO蝕刻玻璃機板清洗……………………………………..36 3.5.2 UV Ozone cleaner………………………………………........37 3.5.3 旋塗電洞傳輸層(PEDOT:PSS)………………….………....37 3.5.4 旋塗主動層(CH3NH3PbI3)…………………………….……38 3.5.5 旋塗電子傳輸層…………………………………………....39 3.5.6對電極圖案化………………………….…….………………39 3.5.7 蒸鍍銀電極…………………………………………………39 第四章 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池製作與結果分析……….…..40 4.1材料的選擇…………………………………….…………………40 4.1.1 電洞傳輸層…………………………………………………40 4.1.2 電子傳輸層……………………………………….......…….43 4.2 鈣鈦礦膜的結晶性與均勻度…………...……………..……..44 4.2.1 XRD……………………………………………..…………44 4.2.2 透射光譜…………………………………………………....44 4.2.3 光激發螢光光譜(PL)與時間解析螢光光譜(TRPL)……....46 4.3 鈣鈦礦膜的粗糙度與被浸潤性……………………...………48 4.3.1 鈣鈦礦膜的外觀……………………………………………48 4.3.2 反射式光學顯微鏡(Optical Microscope,OM)……….….….49 4.3.3 原子力顯微鏡(AFM)……………………………….………50 4.3.4 水接觸角…………………………………………………....51 4.4 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光伏特性………..………...…………..52 第五章 結論………………………………………………….….....56

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