以軟體定義無線電實現DVB-T基頻接收機｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	許景銘 Hsu, Jing-Ming
論文名稱：	以軟體定義無線電實現DVB-T基頻接收機 Implementation of DVB-T Baseband Receiver with a SDR platform
指導教授：	陳逸民 Yih-Ming Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系 Department of Communication Engineering
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	87
中文關鍵詞：	數位電視廣播、時間同步、頻率同步、軟體定義無線電
外文關鍵詞：	DVB-T, Time Synchronization, Frequency Synchronization, Software-defined Radio
相關次數：	點閱：9 下載：0
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台灣採用歐洲廣播聯盟(European Broadcast Union, EBU)所制訂的數位電視廣播(Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB)規格，在本論文中，將以實務軟體定義無線電(Software-defined Radio,SDR)實現DVB-T接收機。

實驗室結合FPGA板(A7)及射頻模組(AD9361)完成軟體定義無線電平台，並設計硬體進行DVB-T訊號解調，此接收機所需用到數位訊號處理模組包含降頻取樣、時間同步、頻率同步、快速傅立葉轉換、解訊框架構、通道估測器、通道等化器。先實錄訊號以MATLAB訊號解調，再選取相對應之硬體規格參數撰寫硬體描述語言，並用ModelSim模擬電路時序後，再以軟體無線電平台實錄訊號並驗證其硬體功能。便可用實務軟體定義無線電DVB-T基頻接收機於各地量測訊號並分析。

Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial is a digital video broadcast standard adopted in Taiwan, and it is ratifies by European Broadcast Union. In this thesis, we implement the DVB-T Baseband Receiver with a Realistic Software-defined Radio platform.

Our laboratory combine FPGA and Radio Frequency module(AD9361) to finish SDR platform. This baseband receiver need the digital signal processing units which are down sampling, time synchronizer, frequency synchronizer, Fast Fourier Transform processor, channel estimator, channel equlizer. First, recording DVB-T signal is programmed using MATLAB to demodulate the signal. Second, the specification for each digital signal processing units is designed, progrmaed by using Verilog hardware description language and verified with ModelSim. Then, the real-time haradware is implemented and verified with SDR platform. The measurement and analysis of recording signal in the difference places by DVB-T Baseband Receiver with a Realistic Software-defined Radio platform.

中文摘要.............................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... ii
謝誌...................................................................................................................... iii
目錄...................................................................................................................... iv
圖目錄.................................................................................................................. vii
表目錄.................................................................................................................. xi
一、緒論.............................................................................................................. 1
1 研究動機與背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 章節簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
二、數位電視地面廣播規格簡介...................................................................... 3
1 正交分頻多工系統簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 正交分頻多工調變原理. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 保衛區間(Guard Interval, GI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 DVB-T系統規格及簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1 DVB-T傳輸模式. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 DVB-T系統規格. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 DVB-T系統編碼. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 OFDM訊框架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
三、數位電視地面廣播接收系統原理.............................................................. 20
1 降頻取樣(Down sampling) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.1 反膺頻濾波器(Anti-Aliasing Filter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.2 降取樣M倍. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 時間同步(Time Synchronization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1 時間同步偏移討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 時間同步原理. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 頻率同步(Frequency Synchronization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.1 小數倍載波頻率誤差估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2 整數倍載波頻率誤差估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4 快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT) . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.1 Radix-22-DIF演算法原理. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2 位元反轉排序(Bit Reversal Ordering, BRO) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5 解訊框架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.1 次訊框同步(Sub-frame Synchronization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.2 解訊框資訊(Frame De-structure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6 通道估測(Channel Estimation)及等化(Channel Equlization) . . . 32
6.1 通道估測(Channel Estimation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.2 線性內插(Linear Interpolation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.3 通道等化(Channel Equlization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
四、數位電視地面廣播接收硬體架構.............................................................. 35
1 降頻取樣. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.1 反膺頻濾波器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.2 降取樣M倍. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2 時間同步. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.1 延遲相關器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2 峰值檢測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3 符碼同步器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3 頻率同步. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 快速傅立葉轉換. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.1 位元反轉排序. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5 解訊框架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.1 次訊框同步. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.2 解訊框資訊. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6 通道估測及等化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.1 通道估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.2 通道等化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
五、軟體定義無線電平台實現及量測.............................................................. 54
1 軟體無線電平台介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
1.1 FPGA介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
1.2 射頻模組及DVB-T全向性天線. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.3 AD9361參數操作. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
1.4 接收功率量測方法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2 軟體定義無線電平台實驗設計及量測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.1 實驗設計流程. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.2 軟體解調量測實驗. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.3 硬體解調量測實驗. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.4 實驗結果比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
六、結論與未來展望.......................................................................................... 70
參考文獻.............................................................................................................. 71
                                

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