低成本低耗能之車用防盜數位通訊系統｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	周俊奇 Chun-Chi Chou
論文名稱：	低成本低耗能之車用防盜數位通訊系統 Low Cost and Low Power Consumption Vehicle Anti-theft Digital Communication Systems
指導教授：	陳永芳 Yung-Fang Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系在職專班 Executive Master of Communication Engineering
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	107
中文關鍵詞：	低耗能、低成本、數位通訊、車用防盜
外文關鍵詞：	low power, low cost, digital communication, vehicle anti-theft
相關次數：	點閱：11 下載：0
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在本論文中，我們將研究一個低成本、低耗能的車用防盜通訊系統－VACS (Vehicle Anti-theft Communication System)，並加以實作及進行相關測試。VACS可以取代GSM通訊系統，讓車輛與外部週邊配件（如診斷器、遙控器）直接進行通訊，傳輸車輛狀態資訊及控制命令，而不需基地台等昂貴硬體建設介入傳輸，也因此不需負擔通訊月租費。
VACS係以IEEE Std 802.15.4TM – 2006 physical layer作為基礎，再加上自行研發的MAC layer及application layer，並儘量降低系統的複雜度，以節省開發時間和成本。
VACS利用duty periods來節省電源消耗。系統裝置在每一個固定時間區間內，只需視情況開啟transceiver一小段時間，其餘時間可關閉transceiver並進入low power mode。
VACS系統經實作驗證，有效傳輸距離可達135公尺以上。遙控器的待機時間長達40000小時，系統容量可供13333 users同時使用。成本方面，一套VACS硬體製造成本可控制在新台幣1000元以內。

In this thesis, we investigate a low cost and low power consumption communication system for vehicle anti-theft systems, “VACS (Vehicle Anti-theft Communication System)”. We also perform the hardware implementation and the related tests. VACS can replace the GSM system to communicate directly between the vehicle and its accessories (such as diagnostic device and remote control device), it can transmit vehicle status information and vehicle control command without the need of expensive infrastructures such as the base stations in GSM systems, and hence the users do not have to pay the monthly communication service fees.
VACS is a system based on IEEE Std 802.15.4TM–2006 physical layer, the upper layers are self-defined MAC layer and application layer. We try to lower the complexity of the system in order to reduce the time and the cost of the development.
VACS utilizes the duty periods to save power consumption. The devices turn on the transceivers only for a very short time in every fixed time interval, and turn off the transceivers to enter low power mode for the rest of the time.
According to the test results of the hardware implementation, the effective transmission range of VACS is more than 135 meters. The standby duration of remote control device is up to 40000hrs. The system capacity can support 13333 users simultaneously. The cost of a set of VACS can be controlled under NT1000 dollars.

中文摘要	i
英文摘要	ii
目錄	iii
圖目錄	ix
表目錄	xi
第一章	導論	1
1-1	背景與研究動機	1
1-2	現有車用防盜通訊系統	1
1-3	系統構想	2
1-4	EMCS（Engine Management and Communication System）	3
1-5	系統設計考量	5
1-5-1	Mobility	5
1-5-2	Low Power	5
1-5-3	Limit Range	5
1-5-4	Low Cost	5
1-5-5	Low Data Rate	5
1-5-6	Frequency of Operation	5
1-5-7	Self-Organizing	5
1-5-8	Capacity	6
1-5-9	Security	6
1-5-10	Coexistence and Jamming	6
1-6	適用的無線通訊技術	6
1-7	Protocol Layer	7
1-8	Topology	7
第二章	Physical Layer	9
2-1	RF Characteristics	9
2-1-1	Frequency Band	9
2-1-2	Channel Assignment	9
2-1-3	Transmit Power	9
2-1-4	Receiver Sensitivity	9
2-1-5	Receiver Max. Input Level	9
2-1-6	Transmit Power Spectral Density（PSD）	9
2-1-7	Receiver Jamming Resistance	10
2-1-8	CCA（Clear Channel Assessment）	10
2-1-9	aTurnaroundTime	10
2-2	Modulation and Spreading	11
2-3	PPDU Format	13
2-3-1	SHR（Synchronization Header）	13
2-3-2	PHR（PHY Header）	13
2-3-3	PHY Payload	13
第三章	MAC Layer	14
3-1	Basic Definitions	14
3-1-1	Roles	14
3-1-2	Address	14
3-1-3	Channel	14
3-1-4	aScanChannelRange	15
3-1-5	Channel Scan順序	15
3-2	PDT（Peer Device Table）	15
3-2-1	Master PDT	15
3-2-2	Slave PDT	15
3-3	Timing Structure	16
3-3-1	aAdvanceWindow	17
3-3-2	aListenCommandDuration	17
3-3-3	aListenBeaconDuration	17
3-4	Beacon	18
3-4-1	Primary Beacon	18
3-4-2	Secondary Beacon	18
3-5	MPDU Format	18
3-5-1	MHR（MAC Header）	19
3-5-2	MSDU（MAC Payload）	19
3-5-3	MFR（MAC Footer）	19
3-6	Frame Control Field（FCF）	20
3-6-1	Frame Type	20
3-6-2	Ack Request bit	20
3-6-3	Continue bit	20
3-6-4	Security bit	20
3-6-5	Pending bit	21
3-7	Beacon frame	21
3-7-1	Pending List	22
3-8	Command frame	22
3-8-1	Slave to Master command	23
3-8-2	Master to Slave command	24
3-9	Ack frame	24
3-10	Data frame	25
3-10-1	Slave to Master data	25
3-10-2	Master to Slave data	26
3-11	FCS（Frame Check Sequence）	26
3-11-1	Shift Register Implementation	27
3-12	Beacon Request command	28
3-12-1	General Beacon Request	28
3-12-2	Limited Beacon Request	28
3-13	Data Request command	28
3-14	Channel Change Request command	31
3-15	Channel Change Cancel command	31
3-16	Channel Change Notification command	32
3-17	Interframe Spacing	33
3-18	CSMA-CA	33
3-18-1	CSMA-CA Mode A	34
3-18-2	CSMA-CA Mode B	35
3-19	State Machine	36
3-19-1	Standby state	36
3-19-2	Opening state	37
3-19-3	Searching state	37
3-19-4	Service state	37
3-19-5	Beacon period	37
3-19-6	On-Duty period	37
3-19-7	Off-Duty period	37
3-19-8	Prepare period	38
3-20	Open Service	38
3-21	Select Beacon Timing	39
3-21-1	Select Beacon Timing Mode A	40
3-21-2	Select Beacon Timing Mode B	41
3-21-3	Select Beacon Timing Mode C	41
3-21-4	Select Beacon Timing Mode D	42
3-21-5	Select Beacon Timing Mode E	43
3-22	Service Search	43
3-22-1	Service Search Mode A	44
3-22-2	Service Search Mode B	44
3-22-3	Service Search Mode C	44
3-22-4	Service Search Mode D	44
3-23	Channel Search	44
3-24	Events	45
3-24-1	SYNC-LOSS	45
3-24-2	Hacker-Intrusion	46
3-24-3	Channel Conflict	46
3-25	Channel Change Request	47
3-26	Channel Change Cancel	48
3-27	Slave General Transmission	49
3-28	Slave Force Transmission	50
3-29	Change Channel	51
3-29-1	Change Channel Mode A（Priority = 1）	51
3-29-2	Change Channel Mode B（Priority = 2）	53
3-29-3	Change Channel Mode C（Priority = 3）	55
3-30	Search New Channel	57
第四章	Security	58
4-1	Security Requirement	58
4-2	Frame Counter	59
4-3	Authentication Tag（Auth. Tag）	59
4-4	CCM*	59
4-4-1	Block Cipher	59
4-4-2	CCM* Nonce	59
4-4-3	a data、m data及c data	60
4-5	Outgoing Frame Security	60
4-6	Incoming Frame Security	61
4-7	CCM* Transformation	62
4-8	Input Transformation	63
4-9	Authentication Transformation	63
4-10	Encryption Transformation	64
4-11	CCM* Inverse Transformation	64
4-12	Decryption Transformation	65
4-13	Authentication Checking	65
第五章	Application Layer	67
5-1	Roles	67
5-1-1	Controller	67
5-1-2	Remoter	67
5-2	State Machine	67
5-2-1	Idle state	67
5-2-2	Starting state	67
5-2-3	Synchronizing state	68
5-2-4	Working state	68
5-3	Start Service	69
5-4	EMS Polling	70
5-5	Synchronization	70
5-5-1	Synchronization Mode A	70
5-5-2	Synchronization Mode B	71
5-5-3	Synchronization Mode C	71
5-5-4	Synchronization Mode D	71
5-6	Beacon Payload Format	72
5-6-1	Beacon Payload Header	72
5-7	Data Payload Format	73
5-7-1	Data Payload Header	73
5-8	Vehicle Status Notification	74
5-9	Warning Notification	75
5-10	Vehicle Control Request	76
5-10-1	Vehicle Lock Request	78
5-10-2	Vehicle Unlock Request	79
5-10-3	Vehicle Alarm Request	79
5-10-4	Vehicle Mute Request	79
5-10-5	Vehicle Ignition Request	80
5-10-6	Vehicle Key-off Request	80
第六章	系統實作與測試	81
6-1	硬體電路設計	81
6-1-1	LEDs	86
6-1-2	Buttons	87
6-2	軟體設計	87
6-2-1	Software Architecture	88
6-2-2	MAC layer參數	90
6-3	系統測試	91
6-3-1	測試物品	91
6-3-2	測試環境	91
6-3-3	測試項目	91
6-3-4	測試結果	100
第七章	結論與未來方向	101
參考文獻	105

                                

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