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研究生：	曾師彥 Shih-Yen Tseng
論文名稱：	Measurement of Z boson production in the electron decay channel in p+Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector
指導教授：	郭家銘 Chia-Ming Kuo
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	109
中文關鍵詞：	高能實驗物理、質子-鉛離子碰撞、Z玻色子、部分子動量分布
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電弱玻色子在超相對論性的重離子對撞實驗中具有相當的重要性：它對於直至今日粒子物理學家們尚未完全明瞭的核子內部結構(部分子)提供了一些限制，能夠縮減部分子的動量分布的不確定性，使得物理學家更加理解核子。這份論文所呈現的內容是為了研究核子內部結構，利用在2013 年初於大型強子對撞機運行的質子－鉛離子對撞的資料進行物理分析，我們用Z 玻色子的雙電子衰變頻道測量了它的散射截面積，並分析了其散射截面積隨著Z 玻色子的快度以及橫向動量的不同而產生的連續分布。這些資料的分析都被進一步和理論模擬的結果做比對。最後我們將雙電子衰變頻道和另一個雙渺子衰變頻道的物理分析結果結合起來，呈現出這個分析的最終結果。

The electroweak boson production is an important benchmark measurement in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions which can provide constraints on the nuclear modification of parton distribution functions. In this thesis the analysis of the p+Pb data taken in early 2013 is presented. Z boson production cross section is measured in the di-electron decay channel in bins of the Z boson rapidity and transverse momentum compared to NLO theoretical predictions. Comparison and combination with the measurement in the muon decay channel are also performed.

Introduction and theory overview 1
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Theory overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Z boson in the heavy-ion collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Nuclear parton distribution function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Predictions of the Z boson production . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
LHC and CMS detector 15
1 Large Hadron Collider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 CMS detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1 Coordinate in CMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Superconducting solenoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 Tracking system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 Electromagmetic calorimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5 Hadron calorimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.6 Muon chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3 Trigger system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Analysis Procedures 30
1 Datasets and Monte Carlo samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2 Weighting of the MC samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3 Signal extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1 Electron selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2 Signal and background yields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4 Energy scale correction of data and smearing of the MC . . . . . . . . 44
5 Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7 Resolution and unfolding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.1 Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.2 Unfolding of the transverse momentum spectrum with matrix
inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
8 Systematic uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.1 Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.2 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8.3 Scale factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8.4 Background estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
8.5 Charge confusion correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
8.6 Energy scale correction and energy smearing . . . . . . . . . . 77
8.7 Unfolding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Results 83
1 Total cross section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
2 Di↵erential cross section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3 Combination with muon results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4 Comparison with ATLAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

                                

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