GPS低雜訊放大器電路RF & EMI/EMC干擾改善研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	廖鴻錦 LIAO HUNG CHIN
論文名稱：	GPS低雜訊放大器電路RF & EMI/EMC干擾改善研究
指導教授：	林嘉慶
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系在職專班 Executive Master of Communication Engineering
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	77
中文關鍵詞：	全球衛星定位系統
外文關鍵詞：	GPS
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本論文主要針對車用GPS外接式主動天線應用於汽車內部裝置之無線電及EMC
干擾改善研究;其中主動電路架構包含主動元件放大器,和被動元件filter之結合,應用於改善EMC干擾情形,此主動天線整體架構為一陶瓷天線,位於FR4 PCB上方,射頻電路設計於FR4 PCB板下方,並以市售衛星導航接收機驗證訊號EMC改善前後之C/N雜訊比改善情形,一般汽車電子受到多方面的影響，包括惡劣的環境，高可靠性的要求，以及對成本的高度敏感性。汽車內部的電路面臨很多環境問題，包括電源衝擊、無線電干擾（均包括去和來兩個方向的附近的或者車內的無線電發射和接收設備），靜電放電，以及電源線上的電場和磁場。本論文設計於天線饋入點先設計一濾波器降低低頻雜訊干擾,再於第一級放大器與第二級放大器間置入一濾波器,最後再於第二級放大器與GPS IC 模組間置入一濾波器,加強EMI抗干擾能力.

This thesis for car GPS external active antenna used in automotive internal device EMC interference Improvement Study; the active circuit architecture contains the amplifier of the active components and passive components filter combination applied to improve EMC interference situation ,This active antenna overall architecture of a ceramic antenna, located above the FR4 PCB, RF circuit design below FR4 PCB ,commercially available satellite navigation receiver verification signal EMC improve before and after C / N noise than improve the situation, the general automotive electronics subject to a wide range of effects, including harsh environments, high reliability requirements, and the high sensitivity of cost. The automotive internal circuit face many environmental problems, including a power surge, the radio interference (including of the two directions of the car radio transmitting and receiving device), an electrostatic discharge, as well as the electric and magnetic fields of the power line. This thesis in the antenna feed point to design a filter to reduce low-frequency noise interference, and then placed one filter between the first amplifier and the second amplifier ,and finally in the second stage amplifier with GPS IC module placed in a filter to enhance EMC immunity.

摘要 ..............................................................I
Abstract ..........................................................II
致謝 .............................................................III
目錄 ..............................................................IV
圖目錄 ............................................................VI
表目錄 ............................................................IX
第一章 緒論.........................................................1
1 研究背景與動機...........................................1
2 論文架構.................................................1
第二章 GPS 全球衛星定位系統簡介......................................3
1 GPS 系統架構..............................................4
1.1 太空衛星...............................................4
1.2 地面控制站.............................................5
1.3 使用者接收器...........................................6
2 GPS 的觀測量精度..........................................7
2.1 SPS....................................................7
2.2 PPS....................................................7
3 GPS 定位原理..............................................8
4 GPS 接收器硬體架構簡介...................................18
5 GPS 定位資料輸出格式.....................................18
第三章 GPS 主動天線電路設計.........................................21
1 低雜訊放大器簡介........................................21
1.1 雜訊指數..............................................21
1.2 增益..................................................23
1.3 線性度................................................23
2 帶通濾波器簡介..........................................25
3 GPS 主動天線電路規格.....................................26
4 雙級放大器電路設計原理介紹..............................27
4.1 偏壓設計..............................................28
4.2 電路穩定性考量........................................29
4.3 雜訊優化..............................................29
4.4 線性度優化............................................33
4.5 電路layout 設計.......................................34
第四章 BCI and Jamming test-EMI/EMS 檢測規範介紹....................38
1 BCI 簡介.................................................38
2 BCI 測試系統架構圖.......................................38
3 Jamming test 簡介.......................................41
4 Jamming test 測試架構圖.................................41
第五章 BCI and Jamming test-EMI EMS 改善實驗.......................44
1 BCI 測試改善前電路架構及測試結果.........................44
1.1 BCI 測試改善前電路架構.................................44
1.2 BCI 測試改善前測試結果.................................45
2 BCI 測試改善後電路架構及測試結果.........................47
2.1 BCI 測試改善後電路架構.................................47
2.2 BCI 測試改善後測試結果.................................49
3 jamming test 測試改善前電路架構及測試結果................50
3.1 jamming test 測試改善前電路架構........................50
3.2 jamming test 測試改善前測試結果........................51
4 jamming test 測試改善後電路架構及測試結果................52
4.1 jamming test 測試改善實驗分析..........................52
4.2 jamming test 測試改善後電路架構........................55
4.3 jamming test 測試改善後測試結果........................56
5 EMI/EMC 改善前後之各項參數測試結果比較...................57
5.1 S-parameter 改善前後分析...............................57
5.2 雜訊指數改善前後分析..................................58
5.3 濾波器outband rejection 改善前後分析..................59
5.4 線性度改善前後分析....................................60
5.5 GPS receiver conductive 改善前後分析...................61
5.6 改善前後之各項參數測試結果比較分析總表................61
第六章 結論與未來展望..............................................63
參考文獻...........................................................64

                                

[1] David M. Pozar，“Microwave Engineering”,1998

[2] F. Piazza and Q. Huang, “A 1.57-GHz RF Front-End for Triple Conversion GPS Receiver,＂IEEE Journal Of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, NO. 2, February 1998.

[3] 張瑞剛，GPS衛星測量學，菁雲文化有限公司，民國85年7 月。

[4] SAE. Surface Vehicle Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Standards Manual: 1999 Ed. [M]. Warrendale: Society of Automotive
Engineers, Inc.,1999.

[5] ISO 11452: Road vehicles – electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy –
component test methods

[6] ELLiott D. Kaplan，“Understanding GPS Principles and applications”，1996。

[7] JAMES BAO-YEN TSUI，“Fundamentals of Global Position System Receiver A Software Approach ”，2000。

[8] S.Franko, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, McGraw–Hill,1988

[9] 郭仁財譯，微波工程，高立圖書有限公司，2001。

[10] Guillermo Gonzalez，Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and Design（Second Edition），PRENTICE HALL，1997

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