基樁之減振改良研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	林思銘 Ssu-ming Lin
論文名稱：	基樁之減振改良研究
指導教授：	張惠文 Huei-wen Chang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	161
中文關鍵詞：	液壓減振器、減振基樁
外文關鍵詞：	pile of vibration suppression, hydraulic shock-absorber
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摘要
當高速列車通過高架橋時，對橋墩產生衝擊能量，此衝擊能量會傳遞至基樁，並迅速地由樁身傳遞至樁尖，於承載層形成振源，向周圍擴散傳播。因此，本研究目的為直接透過對橋墩下的基樁做改良（減振基樁），使得基樁本身就能夠達到減振的效果。
根據前人的研究顯示單一彈簧減振器之效果最明顯，但其最大動態變位量卻甚大。因此，本研究採用液壓減振器，將其安裝在基樁上改良成減振基樁，並進行一系列的模型試驗。
實驗的結果得知，純彈簧之阻尼器能夠達到的減振效果最為明顯，但其最大的動態變位量已經高達5.14mm。而改為填充液體後，可將最大動態變位量抑制在0.5mm以下，並還能達到減振效果，尤其是填充機油(油料高度為3.0cm)的減振器，減振成效由1.75g下降至0.50g，而且最大動態變位量只有0.224mm。因此，液壓減振器能夠達到減振成效，同時可抑制最大動態變位量。
關鍵詞：減振基樁、液壓減振器、振波、動態變位量。

Abstract
Impact or shock will be applied to piers of viaduct while bullet trains pass through. The impact energy will be transmitted to the pile shaft and then transferred to the pile tip. A new vibration source will be formed in bearing layer, and spread the vibration waves to the surrounding area. The purpose of this study is to improve the pile foundation to reduce this kind of vibration.
According to the previous studies, it is understood that a single spring shock absorber has an obvious improving effect, but the amount of dynamic displacement may exceed the determined value of designing code. Thus, this study used a hydraulic shock-absorber, installed on the head of pile to reduce the shock or vibration energy.
The results of experiments shows that the pure spring vibration damper can achieve the best result of vibration suppression, but the maximum amount of dynamic displacement is 5.14mm, the value limited by the designing code. However, if the shock-absorber is filled with oil, the maximum dynamic displacement can be decreased to the value of 0.5mm. Especially for the shock-absorber filled with the machine oil (oil height=3.0cm), the peak acceleration at pile tip can be decreased from 1.75g to 0.50g, and the maximum dynamic displacement is only 0.224mm. Therefore, the hydraulic shock-absorber can achieve the purpose of reduceing vibration and keep the dynamic displacement within a small value.
Keywords: pile of vibration suppression, hydraulic shock-absorber, shock wave, dynamic displacement

目錄
摘要......................................................I
Abstract.................................................II
目錄....................................................III
照片目錄................................................VII
表目錄.................................................VIII
圖目錄....................................................X
符號說明.................................................XV
第一章 緒論...............................................1
1-1 前言..................................................1
1-2 研究動機..............................................1
1-3 研究方法..............................................2
1-4 論文內容..............................................3
第二章 文獻回顧...........................................6
2-1 土壤波傳理論......................................7
2-1-1 彈性波傳種類與行為...........................7
2-1-2 振波在土壤中的衰減模式.......................8
2-2 樁基礎振動理論...................................10
2-2-1 工程施工產生之振動..........................10
2-2-2 交通運輸產生之振動..........................12
2-3 減振工法之相關研究...............................15
2-3-1 溝槽減振工法................................15
2-3-2 阻波塊及蜂窩式阻波塊工法....................20
2-3-3 地盤改良工法................................22
2-3-4 數值分析....................................23
2-3-5 衝擊荷重在基礎上之減振......................25
2-3-6 減振基樁之相關研究..........................26
2-4 環境容許振動影響與評估...........................29
2-4-1 振動量表示方式..............................29
2-4-2 環境振動之相關法規..........................30
2-5容許沉陷量........................................31
第三章 試驗土樣、方法及儀器設備..........................62
3-1 實驗試體.........................................62
3-1-1 承載層......................................63
3-1-2 砂土層......................................63
3-2 試驗土樣.........................................64
3-2-1 最大乾單位重................................64
3-2-2 最小乾單位重................................65
3-3 試體相對密度之標定...............................66
3-3-1 試驗設備....................................66
3-3-2 試驗步驟....................................67
3-4 LVDT之校正.......................................68
3-5 原型樁之試驗儀器及方法...........................68
3-5-1 原型樁......................................69
3-5-2 試驗儀器設備................................69
3-5-3 試體製作方法................................71
3-5-4 試驗流程....................................71
3-6 改良樁之試驗儀器及方法...........................72
3-7試驗規劃..........................................73
第四章 試驗結果與分析....................................88
4-1 原型樁樁周土壤振波衰減行為.......................88
4-2 改良樁樁周土壤振波衰減行為.......................90
4-2-1 減振器對樁周土壤振波衰減行為................90
4-2-2 各種減振器之減振成效........................91
4-3 模型樁之動態變位量...............................96
4-3-1 試驗資料處理方法............................96
4-3-2 原型樁之樁體變位量..........................96
4-3-3改良樁之動態變位量與樁體變位量...............97
4-3-4減振器之動態變位量與減振效果.................99
第五章 結論與建議.......................................131
5-1 結論............................................131
5-2 建議............................................132
參考文獻................................................133

                                

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